Term
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Definition
also called acetabular femoral
relatively stable due to: bony architecture, strong ligaments, large supportive muscles
funcitons in weight bearing & locomotion, enhanced significantly by its wide range of motion, abilitiy to run, cross-over cut, side-step cut, jump & other directional |
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Term
| what type of joint is the hip? |
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Definition
ball and socket joint
head of the femur connecting with acetabulum of the pelvic girdle |
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Term
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Definition
right and left pelvic bones joined together posteriorly by sacrum
pelvic bones are ilium, ischium and pubis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
extension of the spinal column with 5 fused vertebrae
extending inferiorly is the coccyx |
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Term
| what are the 3 areas of the pelvic bone |
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Definition
upper 2/5s --> ilium
posterior & lower 2/5 --> ischium
anterior & lower 1/5 --> pubis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anterior superior iliac spine |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior inferior iliac spine |
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Term
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Definition
| origin for the hip abductors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, & gracilis |
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Definition
| pubis and its inferior ramus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum, coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| insertion for short muscles of hip |
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Term
| gluteal muscles and most of the 6 deep external rotators |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| proximal thigh (anteriorly) |
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Definition
| origin for 3 knee extensors |
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Term
| three vasti muscles of quads |
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Definition
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Term
| proximal thigh (posteriorly) |
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Definition
| insertion for hip adductors, lina aspera |
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Term
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Definition
| insertion for all 4 quad muscles |
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Term
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Definition
insertion for the remainder of the hip muscles
sartorius, gracilis & semitendinosus --> upper anteromedial tibial surface just below medial condyle after crossing knee posteromedially
semimembranosus --> posteromedially on medial tibial condyle
biceps femois --> laterally, primarily on fibular head with some fibers attaching on lateral tibial condyle
iliotibial tract of tensor fasciae latae --> anterolaterally on Gerdy's tubercle of tibia |
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Term
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Definition
two pelvic bones join to form symphysis pubic
amphiarthrodial |
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Term
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Definition
sacrum is between the 2 pelvic bones and forms the sacroiliac joints
strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly moveable joints |
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Term
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Definition
large and heavy bones covered by heavy muscles
very minimal oscillating type movements occur in sacroiliac joints (walking)
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Term
| body movements involve movement with which entire joints? |
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Definition
| pelvic girdle and hip joints |
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Term
| in walking, hip flexion and extension occur with |
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Definition
pelvic girdle rotation
forward in hip flexion, backward in hip extension |
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Term
| in running, what does pelvic rotation do? |
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Definition
| increases the length of stride |
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Term
| in kicking, what does the pelvic rotation do? |
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Definition
| results in a greater distance or more speed to the kick |
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Term
| what is the most mobile joint in the body |
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Definition
acetabulofemoral joint
multiaxial arrangement
enarthrodial type joint
femoral head inserting into acetabulum
reinforced by extremely strong and dense ligamentous capusle, especially anteriorly |
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Term
| iliofemoral or Y ligament |
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Definition
| located anteriorly, prevents hyperextension |
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Term
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Definition
| located anteromedially and inferiorly, limits excessive extension and abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches from deep in acetabulum to a depression in femoral head, slightly limits adduction |
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Term
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Definition
| located posteriorly, extends from ischium to trochanteric fossa of femur, limits internal rotation |
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Term
| what is the hip flexion range of motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the hip hyperextension range of motion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hip internal rotation degree |
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Definition
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Term
| hip external rotation degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| how many planes of motion does the pelvic girdle move through |
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Definition
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Term
| all pelvic girdle rotation results from motion in |
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Definition
right hip
left hip
lumbar spine |
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Term
| anterior & posterior pelvic rotation are through which planes |
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Definition
| sagittal and anteroposterior plane |
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Term
| right and left lateral rotation is in which plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| right transverse (clockwise) rotation and left transverse (counterclockwise) rotation are in which plane? |
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Definition
| horizontal or transverse plane of motion |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of femur straight anteriorly toward pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the femur straight posteriorly away from the pelvis, sometimes referred to as hyperextension |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of femur laterally to side away from midline |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of femur medially toward midline |
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Term
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Definition
| rotary movement of femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline, lateral rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| rotary movement of femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline, medial rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of femur in a diagonal plane away from midline of body |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of femur in a diagonal plane toward midline of body |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior movement of upper pelvis, iliac crest tilts forward in a sagitally plane, anterior tilt |
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Term
| posterior pelvic rotation |
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Definition
| posterior movement of upper pelvis, iliac crest tilts backwards in a sagittal plane, posterior titl |
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Term
| left lateral pelvic rotation |
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Definition
in frontal plane left pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to right pelvis
either left pelvis rotates downward or right pelvis rotates upward
left lateral tilt |
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Term
| right lateral pelvis rotation |
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Definition
in frontal plane right pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to left pelvis
either right pelvis rotates downward or left pelvis rotates upward
right lateral tilt |
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Term
| left transverse pelvic rotation |
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Definition
in horizontal plane pelvis rotates to body's left
right iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to left iliac crest, which moves posteriorly
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Term
| right transverse pelvic rotation |
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Definition
horizontal plane pelvis rotates to body's right
left iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to right iliac crest, which moves posteriorly |
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Term
| left transverse pelvic rotation |
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Definition
horizontal plane pelvis rotates to body's left
right iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to left iliac crest which moves posteriorly
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Term
| right transverse pelvic rotation |
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Definition
horizontal plane pelvis rotates to body's right
left iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to right iliac crest, which moves posteriorly |
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Term
| what do the muscles involved in hip and pelvic girdle motions depend largely on? |
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Definition
| direction of movement and position of body in relation to earth and gravitational forces |
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Term
| when standing on both feet and contracting hip flexors, the trunk and pelvis rotate... |
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Definition
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Term
| lying supine and contracting hip flexors, the thighs move forward into... |
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Definition
| flexion on the stable pelvis |
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Term
| hip flexors muscles are used in moving thighs.... |
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Definition
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Term
| how are hip extensors muscles used when the pelvis and trunk move downward slowly on the femur? |
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Definition
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Term
| hip extensors work how when the trunk is raised on the femur (rising to a standing position)? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the movement in the downward phase of a squat? |
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Definition
the hips and knees are flexed
hip and knee extensors in eccentric contraction |
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Term
| anterior, primarily hip flexion muscles |
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Definition
iliopsoas
pectineus
rectus femoris
sartorious |
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Term
| medial, primarlily hip adduction muscles |
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Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis |
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Term
| posterior, primarily hip extension |
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Definition
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
external rotators |
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Term
| lateral, primarily hip abduction |
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Definition
gluteus medius
glueus minimus
external rotators
tensor fasciae latae |
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Term
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Definition
iliopsoas muscles flexes hip
iliacus
psoas major
psoas minor |
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Term
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Definition
extend and rotate the hip
gluteus maximus, medius, minimi
tensor fascia latae
6 deep external rotators --> piriformis, obturator externus, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior & quadratus femoris |
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Term
| how many sections is the thigh broken into? |
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Definition
3
anterior compartment, primarily knee extensors
posterior compartment, hamstring group
medial compartment, primarily adductors |
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Term
| what makes up the anterior compartment? |
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Definition
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
sartorius |
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Term
| what makes up the posterior compartment? |
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Definition
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus |
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Term
| what makes up the medial compartment? |
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Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis |
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Term
| what plexus innervate the hip and pelvic girdle muscles |
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Definition
| lumbar and sarcral plexus (lumbosacral plexus) |
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Term
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Definition
formed by anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 and some fibers of T12
lower abdomen and the anterior and medial portions of lower extremity |
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Term
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Definition
formed by the anterior rami of L4, L5, S1-S4
lower back, pelvis, perineum, posterior surface of the thigh & leg, dorsal & plantar surfaces of the foot |
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Term
| lumbar plexus major nerves |
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Definition
femoral nerve
obturator nerve |
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Term
| femoral nerve is used for which muscles |
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Definition
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis
pectineus
sartorius
sensation to anterior & lateral thigh, medial leg & foot |
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Term
| obturator nerve is used for which muscles |
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Definition
adductor brevis, longus, magnus
gracilis
abturator externus
sensation to the medial thigh |
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Term
| sacral plexus innervates which nerves |
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Definition
superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
sciatic nerve |
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Term
| superior gluteal nerve arises from |
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Definition
L4, L5, S1
innervates gluteus medius, minimus & tensor fascia latae |
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Term
| interior gluteal nerve arises from |
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Definition
L5, S1, S2
gluteus maximus |
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Term
| what are the branches of the sacral plexus (muscles) |
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Definition
piriformis (S1, S2)
gemellus superior (L5, S1, S2)
gemellus inferior & obturator internus (L4, L4, S1, S2)
quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) |
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Term
| sciatic nerve innervates which muscles |
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Definition
tibial division: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head) and adductor magnus
sensation for posterolateral lower leg & plantar aspect of foot
common peroneal (fibular) division: sensation to anterolateral lower leg & dorsum of foot |
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Term
| iliopsoas actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of hip
external rotation of femur
transverse pelvic rotation contralaterally when ipsilateral femus is stabilized
origin: inner surface of the ilium, lower borders of transverse processess of lumbar vertebrae 1-5, sides of last thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral fibrocartilage
insertion: pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence |
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Term
| recutus femoris actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of hip
extension of knee
anterior pelvic rotation
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine, groove above acetabulum
insertion: superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| sartorius actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of hip
flexion of knee
external rotation of thigh as it flexes the hip and knee
abduction of the hip
anterior pelvic rotation
origin: anterior superior iliac spine and notch below spine of ilium
insertion: anterior medial condyle of tibia |
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Term
| pectineus actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of hip
adduction of hip
external rotation of the hip
origin: space on front of pubis above the crest
insertion: rough line leading from lesser trochanter to linea aspera |
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Term
| adductor brevis actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
adduction of the hip
external rotation as it adducts the hip
assists in flexion of the hip
origin: front of the inferior pubic ramus just below the origin of the longus
insertion: lower 2/3 of the pectineal line of the femur and the upper half of the medial lip of the linea aspera |
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Term
| adductor longus actions (2), origin, insertion |
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Definition
adduction of the hip
assists in flexion of the hip
origin:anterior pubic just below its crest
insertion: middle 1/3 of linea aspera |
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Term
| adductior magnus actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
adduction of the hip
exernal rotation as the hip adducts
extension of the hip
origin: edge of the entire ramus of the pubis and the ischium and ischial tuberosity
insertion: whole length of linea aspera, inner condyloid ridge and adductor tubercle |
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Term
| gracilis actions (4), origin, insertion |
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Definition
adduction of the hip
weak flexion of the knee
internal rotation of the hip
assists with flexion of the hip
origin: anterior medial edge of descending ramus of pubis
insertion: anterior medial surface of the tibia below the condyle |
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Term
| semitendinosus actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
internal rotation of the hip
internal rotation of a flexed knee
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: upper anterior medial surface of tibia |
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Term
| semimembranosus actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
internal rotation of the hip
interna rotation of the flexed knee
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle |
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Term
| biceps femoris actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
external rotation of the hip
external rotation of the flexed knee
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity, lower half of linea aspera, lateral condyloid ridge
insertion: lateral condyle of the tibia, head of fibula |
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Term
| gluteus maximus actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
extension of the hip
external rotation of the hip
upper fibers assist in abduction
lower fibers assist in adduction
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: posterior 1/4 of ilium crest, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx near the ilium, fascia of lumbar area
insertion: oblique ridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter and iliotibial band of fascia latae |
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Term
| gluteus medius actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
abduction of the hip
internal rotation and flexion (anterior fibers)
external rotation and extension (posterior fibers)
origin: lateral surface ilium just below crest
insertion: posterior and middle surfaces of greater trochanter of the femur |
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Term
| gluteus minimus actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
abduction of the hip
internal rotation as femur abducts
flexion of the hip
origin: lateral surface of ilium below the origin of the gluteus medius
insertion: anterior surface of the greater trochanter of femur |
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Term
| tensor fascia latae actions (4), origin, insertion |
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Definition
abduction of the hip
flexion of the hip
tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes
anterior pelvic rotation
origin: anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium just below crest
insertion: 1/4 of the way down the thigh into the ilitibial tract, inserts into Gerdy's tubercle on the anterolateral tibial condyle |
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Term
| what are the 6 deep lateral rotator muscles? what do they do? |
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Definition
piriformis
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
obturator externus
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
exerternal rotation of the hip |
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Term
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Definition
psoas
iliacus (iliopsoas)
rectus femoris
pectineu
sartorius
tensor fasciae latae |
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Term
| hip extension agonist (4) |
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Definition
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris (long head)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus |
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Term
| hip abduction agonist (4) |
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Definition
gluteus medius
tensor fasciae latae
gluteus meximus
gluteus minimus |
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Term
| hip adduction agonists (4) |
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Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis |
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Term
| hip internal rotation agonist (3) |
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Definition
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
tensor fasciae latae |
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Term
| hip external rotation (2) |
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Definition
gluteus maximus
6 deep external rotators |
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Term
| motions with pelvic rotation (chart) |
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Definition
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