extension of head at atlantooccipital joint

flexion of the cervical spine

rotation to contralateral side

lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

origin: manubrium of sternum, anterior superior surface of medial clavical

insertion: mastoid process

extension of the cervical spine

rotation to ipsilateral side

lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

origin: spinous processes of the 3rd-6th thoracic vertebrae

insertion: transverse processes of the 1st 3 cervical vertebrae

extension of the head and cervical spine

rotation to ipsilateral side

lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

origin: lower half of the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous procresses of the 7th cervical and upper 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae

insertion: mastoid process and occipital bone

extension of the spine

anterior pelvic rotation

laeral flexion of the spine

lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side

ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head

origin: medial iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum, posterior ribs 3-12

insertion: posterior ribs 1-12, cervical 4-7 transverse processes

extension of the spine and head

anterior pelvic rotation

lateral flexion of the spine and head

lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side

ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head

origin: medial iliac crest,thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum, lumbar 1-5 transverse processes, and thoracic 1-5 transverse processes, cervical 5-7 articular processes

insertion: cervical 2-6 spinous processes, thoracic 1-12 transverse processes, lower 9 ribs, mastoid process

extension of the spine

anterior pelvic rotation

lateral flexion of the spine and head

lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side

ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head

origin: ligamentum nuchae, 7th cervical spinous process, thoracic 11 and 12 spinous processes, and lumbar 1 and 2 spinous processes

insertion: 2nd cervical spinous process, thoracic 5-12 spinous processes occipital bone

lateral flexion to the ipsilateral side

lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side

lumbar extension

anterior pelvic rotation

stabilizes the pelvis and lumbar spine

origin: posterior inner lip of the iliac crest

insertion: approximately 1/2 the length of the lower border of the 12th rib and the transverse process of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae

lumbar flexion

posterior pelvic rotation

weak lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

origin: crest of pubis

insertion: cartilage of 5th-7th ribs and xiphoid process

lumbar flexion

posterior pelvic rotation

lumbar lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side

lumbar rotation to contralateral side

origin: borders of lower 8 ribs at side of the chest dovetailing with serratus anterior

insertion: anterior half of crest of ilium, inguinal ligament, crest of pubis, and fascia of rectus abdominis at lower front

lumbar flexion

posterior pelvic rotation

lumbar lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side

lumbar rotation to ipsilateral side

origin: upper 1/2 of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of crest of the ilium, and lumbar fascia

insertion: costal cartilages of 8th-10th ribs adn linea alba

forced expiration by pulling the abdominal wall inward

origin: lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, inner rim of iliac crest, inner surface of costal cartilages of lower 6 ribs, lumbar fascia

insertion: crest of the pubis and the iliopectineal line, abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba