Term
| Muscle contractions ___,___,___, joint movement |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different types of contractions |
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Definition
Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic |
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Term
| What does isometric, isotonic and isokinetic means |
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Definition
isometric (same length)
isotonic (same weight)
isokinetic (same speed) |
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Term
| Isometric contractions are described as |
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Definition
tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant
significant amount of tension may be developed in muscle to maintain joint angle in relatively static or stable position
may be used to prevent a body segment from being moved by external forces |
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Term
| What are different types of isotonic contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| Isotonic contractions are described as |
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Definition
Involve muscle developing tension to either cause or control joint movement
dynamic contractions
the varying degrees of tension in muscles result in joint angles changing |
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Term
Movement may occur at any given joint without any muscle contraction whatsoever
referred to as |
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Definition
passive
solely due to external forces such as those applied by another person, object, or resistance or the force of gravity in the presence of muscle relaxation |
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Term
| Concentric contractions are |
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Definition
involve muscle developing tension as it shortens
muscle develops tension as it shortens
occurs when muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance
causes movement against gravity or resistance
described as being a positive contraction
force developed by the muscle is greater than that of the resistance
results in joint angle changing in the direction of the applied muscle force
causes body part to move against gravity or external forces |
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Term
| Eccentric contractions are |
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Definition
involve the muscle lengthening under tension
muscle lengthens under tension
occurs when muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of resistance
weight or resistance overcomes muscle contraction but not to the point that muscle cannot control descending movement
controls movement with gravity or resistance
described as a negative contraction
force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance
results in the joint angle changing in the direction of the resistance or external force
causes body part to move with gravity or external forces (resistance)
used to decelerate body segment movement |
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Term
| Isokinetic contractions are described as |
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Definition
a type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions
speed (or velocity) of movement is constant
muscular contraction (ideally maximum contraction) occurs throughout movement
not another type of contraction, as some have described
Ex. Biodex, Cybex, Lido |
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Term
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Definition
cause joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically
known as primary or prime movers, or muscles most involved |
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Term
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Definition
located on opposite side of joint from agonist
have the opposite concentric action
known as contralateral muscles
work in cooperation with agonist muscles by relaxing & allowing movement
when contracting concentrically perform the opposite joint motion of agonist |
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Term
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Definition
surround joint or body part
contract to fixate or stabilize the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force & move
known as fixators
essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements |
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Term
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Definition
assist in action of agonists
not necessarily prime movers for the action
known as guiding muscles
assist in refined movement & rule out undesired motions |
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Term
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Definition
Counteract or neutralize the action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements such as inappropriate muscle substitutions
referred to as neutralizing
contract to resist specific actions of other muscles |
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Term
| Muscles with multiple agonist actions |
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Definition
attempt to perform all of their actions when contracting
cannot determine which actions are appropriate for the task at hand |
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Term
| What factors one must onsider when actions are performed |
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Definition
the motor units activated
joint position
muscle length
relative contraction or relaxation of other muscles acting on the joint |
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Term
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Definition
using to sense of touch to feel or examine a muscle as it is contracted
limited to superficial muscles
helpful in furthering one’s understanding of joint mechanics |
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Term
| What do you have to consider for the lines of pull |
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Definition
Exact locations of bony landmarks to which muscles attach proximally & distally and their relationship to joints
Planes of motion through which a joint is capable of moving
Muscle’s relationship or line of pull relative to the joint’s axes of rotation. As a joint moves the line of pull may change & result in muscle having a different or opposite action than in the original position
Potential effect of other muscles’ relative contraction or relaxation on a particular muscle’s ability to cause motion
Effect of a muscle’s relative length on its ability to generate force
Effect of the position of other joints on the ability of a biarticular or multiarticular muscle to generate force or allow lengthening |
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