Term
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Definition
| A complex series of chemical reactions that allow the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA. Each glucose molecule that triggers this process results in two Krebs Cycles. It forms two additional ATP by generating GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate). It is regulated by negative feedback. |
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Term
| Electron Transport Chain (ETC) |
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Definition
| A series of reactions paired with the Krebs Cycle that combines hydrogen ions released during glycolysis, during the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA and during the Krebs Cycle with two co-enzymes (NAD and FAD), converting each into NADH and FADH respectively. |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| The overall process of generating ATP through aerobic glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain. Received its name from the process being so heavily reliant on oxygen being present. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of breaking down a triglyceride to its most basic units for the purpose of serving as energy. They are broken down to one molecule of glycereol and three FFA (Free Fatty Acid) molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of enzymes and iron-containing proteins contained in mitochondrial protein complexes. As high energy electrons are passed between cytochromes, they release energy that is used to pump H+ (hydrogen ions) from the mitochondrial matrix to the outer compartment. |
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Term
| B-Oxidation (Beta Oxidation) |
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Definition
| The process of converting Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria so it can be used for energy production. It's made up of a series of steps in which two-carbon acyl units are chopped off the carbon chain of the FFA, turning them into acetyl CoA, which then enters the Krebs Cycle to form ATP. |
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Term
| Monocarboxylate Transporters |
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Definition
| Special proteins that facilitate the movement of lactate between cells, tissues, and likely between cells. This transfer process is one of two ways the body transports lactate, of which 80-90% is moved during exercise. |
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