Term
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Definition
science/study of human move meant |
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Term
Scope of Kinesiology and how does it differ from medicine |
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Definition
Health promotion, human performance. Health in Kinesiology is proactive and preventive. Medicines that focus on treatment are reactive. |
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Term
Three types of learning styles |
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Definition
Auditory, visual, kinesthetic |
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Term
learner learns best by seeing, visualizing, drawing, diagramming, etc. In other words, you “know something by seeing it.” |
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Definition
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leaner learns best by listening, talking to others and self. In other words, they “know something by hearing it”. |
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Definition
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Term
learner learns best by doing, through movement and physical activity, and by using a “hands-on” approach. |
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Definition
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Term
Human movement created by voluntary contractions of large muscle groups |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Organized PA, Planned PA, Structured PA |
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Term
What is the relation to exercise and PA |
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Definition
Not all PA is exercise, but al exercise is PA |
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Term
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Definition
Palm up/lying flat on back |
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Definition
lying face down/palm down |
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Term
Six types of Synovial Joints |
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Definition
Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid/Knuckle, saddle, Ball and Socket, Plane/gliding |
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Term
Has one articulating surface that is convex, and another that is concave. EX: humerus-ulnar elbow joint |
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Definition
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Term
One bone rotates around one axis E.g., head of radius rotates during pronation-supination of the forearm while ulna remains fixed |
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Definition
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Term
The joint surfaces are usually oval. One joint surface is an ovular convex shape, and the other is a reciprocally shaped concave surface E.g., knuckle of the hand |
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Definition
Condyloid (knuckle) joint |
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Term
The bones set together as in sitting on a horse E.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb |
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Definition
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Term
A rounded bone is fitted into a cup-like receptacle E.g., shoulder and hip joints |
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Definition
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Term
The bone surfaces involved are nearly flat. E.g., acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
How many vertebrae are in each section of the spine |
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Definition
7 Cervical Vertebrae (of the Neck), 12 Thoracic Vertebrae (of the chest), 5 Lumbar Vertebrae (of the lower back), Sacrum (of the buttocks), Coccyx (4 or 5 fused vertebrae of the tailbone) |
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Term
muscle that allows from elbow flexion and supination of hand |
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Definition
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Term
What muscle is composed of three muscles (biceps femurs (2 heads), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus), is the primary flexors of the knee, and also extend the hip. |
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Definition
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Term
shortening of a tissue resulting from a force that presses the ends of a tissue structure. |
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Definition
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Term
lengthening of a tissue on one side and shortening on the other side caused by a simultaneous tension and compression presented at the respective tissue sides. |
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Definition
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Term
Deformation of a tissue that occurs internally as a result of a force that is applied parallel to the surface within an object. |
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Definition
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Term
Tension and compression of a tissue at an angle across the structure (twisting). |
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Definition
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Term
The elastic region of the load deformation curve exists where? |
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Definition
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Term
What does elasticity mean on the load deformation curve |
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Definition
capacity of a tissue to return to its original shape after removal of load |
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Term
The plastic region of the load deformation curve exists where? |
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Definition
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Term
Where is the yield level point in the load deformation curve? |
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Definition
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Term
What happens when the load has made its way to the Yield level point (B: beginning of plastic region)? |
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Definition
Tissue no longer possesses elastic properties |
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Term
When does permanent tissue deformation (does not return to its original shape) results in micro - failure or injury (e.g., sprains) occur? between what two regions? |
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Definition
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Term
What region of the load deformation curve does major or complete failure (torn ligament) occur/becomes completely unresponsive to load |
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Definition
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Term
What does the area under the load deformation curve represent |
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Definition
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Term
What does the slope of the load deformation curve represent |
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Definition
stiffness or resistance to deformation of the tissue |
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Term
What are the three different phases of healing |
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Definition
Inflammatory Response Phase, Fibroblastic Repair Phase, Maturation-Remodeling Phase |
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Term
Healing phase where you may experience redness, swelling, pain, increased temperature, loss of function, and PRICE rule begins. Lasts 2-4 days |
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Definition
Inflammatory Response Phase |
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Term
Healing phase where repair and scar forms, manual massage therapy is helpful, Rehab specific exercises are useful, protective thing and bracing should be used, and lasts hrs to 6 weeks. |
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Definition
Fibroblastic Repair Phase |
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Term
Healing phase where remodeling or realigning of scar tissue happens, more aggressive stretching and strengthening are used, and sport specific skills/activities are also used. Lasts 3 weeks to years. |
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Definition
Maturation-Remodeling Phase |
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Term
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Definition
Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
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Term
Tendon or muscle tissue is stretched or torn |
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Definition
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Term
Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn |
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Definition
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Term
Slightly stretched or torn; few fibers |
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Definition
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Term
Moderately stretched or torn, more fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
knee sprain, ankle sprain |
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Term
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Definition
quadriceps, hamstrings, rotator cuff |
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Term
High enough force pushes the joint beyond its normal anatomical limits |
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Definition
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Term
(Prime mover)- Producing the desired effect |
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Definition
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Term
Opposing to producing the desired effect |
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Definition
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Term
If the hamstring is the agonist producing flexion, what is the antagonist and what is it doing? |
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Definition
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Term
Steps of sliding filament theory |
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Definition
1. Motor nerve activated the muscle fiber 2. Myosin head attaches to actin 3. Cross bridge moves 4. Actin filaments move and sarcomere shortens |
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Term
A neutral impulse of a certain magnitude or strength is required to cause the innervated fibers to contract.(every motor unit has a specific threshold) |
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Definition
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Term
A motor neuron (nerve) and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
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Definition
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Term
Types of muscle contractions |
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Definition
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Term
Types of Dynamic muscle contractions (4) |
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Definition
Concentric, eccentric, isokinetic, plyometric |
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Term
Isometric Contraction, no work is performed (work = force x distance) |
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Definition
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Term
Muscle tension (force is exerted against an external load |
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Definition
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Term
what type of dynamic contraction defines: Shortening as it goes through a range of motion (flexion), muscle overcomes a load |
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Definition
Concentric contraction (up on bicep curl) |
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Term
What type of dynamic contraction defines: muscle lengthening during movement (extension) muscle is overcome by a load |
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Definition
Eccentric contraction (down on bicep curl) |
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Term
What type of dynamic contraction defines: constant speed contraction, strengthen muscle at all joint angles |
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Definition
Isokinetic contraction (swimming rowing) |
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Term
What type of dynamic contraction defines: an eccentric loading and stretching of muscles followed by concentric contraction, assisted by the Golgi tendon organ reflex (causes muscle to contract to protect from too much stretch) |
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Definition
Plyometric contraction (box jump) |
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Term
Which muscle fiber type is fast twitch? |
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Definition
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Term
Slow oxidative/slow twitch fibers |
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Definition
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Term
Fast twitch muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic muscle fiber |
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Definition
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Term
Slow twitch (slow contraction) Small fibers Fatigue resistant Aerobic oxidative energy supply Appear red |
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Definition
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Term
Fast twitch (fast contraction) Larger fibers Easily fatigued Anaerobic energy supply |
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Definition
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Term
What fuel source powers the phosphagen system? |
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Definition
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Term
What fuel source powers Glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
What fuel source powers oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
carbohydrates, fat, protein |
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Term
The 3 different energy systems work completely independent of one another. True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is Not an anaerobic pathway of energy production: Phosphagen system, glycolytic system, oxidative system? |
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Definition
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Term
Which point on a graph measuring running speed and blood lactate represent the anaerobic threshold? |
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Definition
where the blood lactate (y axis) begins to increase. |
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Term
The____ of ATP releases energy |
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Definition
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Term
The_____of ATP requires energy |
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Definition
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Term
How many energy systems are there for ATP production and what are they? |
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Definition
1. Phosphagen System-immediate 2. Glycolytic system-short term 3. Oxidative System-long term |
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Term
Which energy systems have anaerobic pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
Which energy systems have aerobic pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
Primary energy source for high power/ short duration activity. Uses intramuscular stores of ATP. Uses local creatine phosphate to resynthesize ATP from ADP after ATP depletes. all stores are small so this system lasts 7-12 seconds. |
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Definition
Phosphagen system (ATP-PC) |
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Term
Uses Glycolysis for energy production(the breakdown of carbs. Glycogen in muscle or glucose in blood) to resynthesizes ATP. No oxygen needed for energy production. A metabolic by product: lactic acid . |
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Definition
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Term
increase in Anaerobic Threshold: an exercise intensity at which lactic acid begins to accumulate. reduces rate of lactate production. increases rate of lactate elimination. AT = Lactate threshold |
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Definition
Effect of training on the Glycolytic System |
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Term
Primary energy source for activities below anaerobic threshold(when you begin to accumulate lactic acid). Oxidative phosphorylation is involved in energy production(ATP). Removes lactic acid from working muscles(Cori cycle). |
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Definition
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Term
147 ATP per cycle created from fats, 38 ATP from glucose. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria. Oxygen is needed for energy production. Carbs, fat, and protein are used to fuel this system. |
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Definition
Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
Initial strength in training can be accredited to hypertrophy or neural adaptations? |
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Definition
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Term
The ability of the athlete to perform maximal voluntary muscular contractions in order to overcome powerful external resistances |
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Definition
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Term
the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance |
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Definition
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Term
A negative relationship exists between what? |
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Definition
Relative strength and body mass |
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Term
Proportion of maximal strength relative to body mass |
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Definition
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Term
A positive relationship exists between what? |
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Definition
max strength and body mass |
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Term
strength is determined by by |
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Definition
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Term
Pyruvic acid, a byproduct of glycosides is processed in the mitochondria. When the production of pyruvic acid produced is greater than the processing of the pyruvic acid which byproduct is created? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the correct path of deoxygenated blood flow through the heart (starting at the inferior/superior vena cava |
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Definition
///Begin deoxygenated blood///Blood flows into (1)RIGHT ATRIUM via vena cava and then (2)RIGHT VENTRICLE. Blood flows through (3)PULMONARY ARTERY to (4)LUNGS, gas enhance takes place through gas diffusion in alveoli(lungs). ///End Deoxygenated blood///Begin Oxygenated blood///Blood flows through (5)PULMONARY VEIN from lungs to(6)LEFT ATRIUM and then (7)LEFT VENTRICLE. Blood flows out of the heart via (8)AORTA and is distributed to all over the body |
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Term
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Definition
Duration of Phosphagen system |
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Term
10 sec-2 min 400-800m event |
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Definition
Duration of Glycolysis system |
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Term
2 min-1+hr. 1500m to 5000m or 10k to marathon event |
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Definition
Duration of Oxidative system |
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Term
ensuring that blood flows into one direction (no backflow) |
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Definition
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Term
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called? |
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Definition
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Term
vessels that return blood back to heart? |
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Definition
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Term
(maximal aerobic power)The maximal rate of oxygen that can be consumed to produce energy in the muscle. Power of oxidative system. Additional energy requirement beyond this intensity will be fulfilled by glycolytic system. |
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Definition
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Term
Stroke Volume (SV) normal SV for normal heart training effect |
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Definition
Amount of blood pumped out from LEFT VENTRICLE per HEARTBEAT. Normal SV is 70ml. Regular exercise can increase SV. |
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Term
Heart rate (HR) normal HR. Max HR equation, and how to calculate |
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Definition
Number of heart beats per minute (bpm) Normal HR: 60-100bpm Max HR=220-Age calculated by counting beats in pulse for 10 sec and multiplying by six |
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Term
Cardiac Output (CO) equation |
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Definition
Amount of blood pumped out from LEFT VENTRICLE PER MINUTE. CO = SV x HR |
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Term
Midpoint or area where the mass above and below are equal |
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Definition
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Term
What happens when center of gravity is raised? |
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Definition
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Term
what happens to center of gravity when athletic movements are performed properly |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following statements about center of gravity is NOT true? a)center of gravity is at the midpoint where the mass above and below are equal b) raising the center of gravity will cause an athlete to become more stable c) center of gravity is always located at a point on the body |
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Definition
b) raising the center of gravity will cause an athlete to become more stable |
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Term
The best time for information feedback is immediately after the performance. True or False |
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Definition
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Term
Information that is provided as a natural consequence of performing an action is _______ feedback |
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Definition
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Term
step 1/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
Step 2/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
step 3/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
step 4/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
A calf raise is an example of what type of lever? |
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Definition
2nd Class (Axis, Resistance, Force) |
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Term
AFR (Axis, Force, Resistance) |
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Definition
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Term
ARF (Axis, Resistance, Force) |
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Definition
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Term
RAF (Resistance, Axis Force) |
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Definition
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Term
Center of gravity is not always directly pinpointed on the body. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
Lever where axis is located between resistance and force |
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Definition
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Term
Lever where resistance is located between axis and force |
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Definition
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Term
Lever where force is located between axis and resistance |
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Definition
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Term
bicep curl is an example of what type of lever |
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Definition
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Term
head nodding is a example of what type of lever |
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Definition
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Term
4 Steps of qualitative analysis/quality instruction |
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Definition
1. Preparation 2. Observation 3. Evaluation 4. Error correction |
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Term
What step of qualitative analysis deals with: Knowing the skill, Identification of critical phases, determination of correct execution, determination of skill objective, and skills with similar overall objectives will be governed by similar biomechanical principles |
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Definition
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Term
What step of qualitative analysis deals with: Studying the actual execution of the skill(who? what? where? how? planning observations prior to session, hearing, seeing, feeling) |
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Definition
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Term
What step qualitative analysis deals with: Diagnosis of a movement, identification of problems and weakness, determination of acceptable range of correct movements, dividing skill into phases, and identifying key body movements involved in each phase |
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Definition
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Term
What step of qualitative analysis deals with: provision of quality feedback, effective communication, sources of concentration(mental, physical) |
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Definition
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Term
Three stages of motor learning |
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Definition
cognitive, associative, autonomous stages |
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Term
which stage of motor learning: begins when task is first introduced, learner determines what the skill involves, determines performance goals required to perform the skill, instructions are verbally transmitted, self talk and verbal reminders facilitate learning, and performance is slow/jerky/awkward |
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Definition
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Term
which stage of motor learning: focuses on performing and refining the skill, concentration is directed toward smaller details (timing), performance becomes controlled and consistent, and diminished self talk |
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Definition
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Term
which stage of motor learning: has automatic and very proficient performance, improvements become slow/less obvious(reduced mental effort, improved style, reduced anxiety) |
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Definition
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Term
Learners are taught various fundamental movements and applied to a game, when learning from one situation assists learning in another |
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Definition
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Term
The 2018 physical activity guidelines state adults should participate in how many minutes of moderate intensity physical activity a week? |
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Definition
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Term
2018 PA guidelines for Americans: adults should avoid ______. adults should do at least _____ minutes a week of _______ intensity, _______ minutes a week of ________ intensity aerobic PA, or __________ combination of ________ and vigorous intensity aerobic PA. Aerobic activity should be performed in episodes of at lease _____ minutes. Adults should also do strength training actives on ______ or more days a week |
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Definition
inactivity, 150, moderate, 75, vigorous, equivalent, moderate, 10, 2. |
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Term
what HR percentage should you train at if trying to develop Cardiorespiratory training |
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Definition
50-80% of predicted max HR |
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Term
What training principle deals with training demand being greater than normal performance requirement (increased frequency, intensity, and time of training) |
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Definition
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Term
Five health related components of physical fitness |
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Definition
1. muscular strength 2. muscular endurance 3. cardiorespiratory endurance 4. flexibility 5. body composition |
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Term
is an achieved condition that limits the amount of physical activity that can be performed |
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Definition
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Term
exercise continuum exists, so that what may be considered physical activity to a fit person may be considered exercise to an unfit person |
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Definition
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Term
For a test to be a good test it must be both what? |
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Definition
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Term
_____ tells the repeatability of a measurement |
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Definition
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Term
_____ tells the degree of truthfulness of a measurement |
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Definition
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Degree of truthfulness in measurement |
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Definition
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Term
How well it measures what is supposed to measure and a trait that is possessed by the instrument or test being used describes what |
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Definition
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Term
repeatability of a measuremtn |
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Definition
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Term
big five personality traits |
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Definition
openness, neuroticism, consciousness, agreeableness, extraversion. |
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Term
Physiological state of readiness and psychological activation, involves the autonomic nervous system, body way of preparing you for fight or flight |
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Definition
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Term
tension an worry that results from distress |
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Definition
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Term
nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it, unemotional bodily response to some type of stressor, can be either good or bad (depends upon the individuals personal interpretation) |
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Definition
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Term
What is the pattern of characteristic thought, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one person from another and persist over time and situations |
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Definition
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Term
individuals belief that s/he can succeed in the task situtation specific self confidence |
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Definition
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Term
relationship between cognitive anxiety and athletic performance is? |
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Definition
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Term
The relationship between somatic state anxiety and performance takes on what shape on a figure |
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Definition
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Term
Steps of transtheoretical model of behavior change (5) |
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Definition
1. Precontemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action |
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