-not sick/disease free (healthy)

-ability to transmit genes

1. cardiorespiratory endurance (organic)

2. stamina (organic)

3. strength (organic

4. flexibility (organic)

5. coordination (neurological)

6. agility (neurological)

7. balance/stability (neurological)

8. accuracy (neurological)

9. power (neurological)

10. speed (neurological)

the ability of a muscular unit, or combination of muscular units, to apply maximum force in a minimum time [neurological]

(power = work/time)

the ability to minimize the time cycle of a repeated movement [neurological]

(speed = distance/time)

yes

-biomechanics: increase joint space between vertebrae

-physiology: increase cross-bridge formation by manipulating the muscle and surrounding tissue

-nervous system: increase motor unit recruitment

-most widely used and accurate for all aspects of the body

-standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, palms facing forward

-divides body into equal, bilateral segments

-it bisects body into 2 equal symmetrical halves or a right and left half

(ex: sit up, facing side)

-saggital

-frontal

-transverse

divides the body into (front) anterior and (back) posterior halves

(ex: humping jacks, facing front)

divides body into (top) superior and (bottom) inferior halves when the individual is in anatomic position

(ex: spinal rotation to the left or right)

-has same orientation as frontal plane of motion and runs from side to side at a right angle to seggital plane of motion

-runs medial/lateral

-commonly includes flexion, ectension movements

-has same orientation as saggital plane of motion and runs from front to back at a right angle to frontal plane of motion

-runs anterior/posterior

-commonly includes abduction, adduction movements

-runs straight down through top of head and is at a right angle to transverse plane of motion

-runs superior/inferior

-commonly includes internal rotation, external rotation movements

-lateral movement away from midline of trunk in lateral plane

-raising arms of legs to side horizontally

-movement medially toward midline of trunk in lateral plane

-lowering arm to side or thigh back to anatomical position

-bending movement that results in a decrease of angle in joint by bringing bones together, usually in saggital plane

-elbow joint when hand is drawn to shoulder

-straightening movement that results in an increase of angle in joint by moving bones apart, usually in saggital plane

-elbow joint when hand moves away from shoulder

-circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone

-combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

-when shoulder joint and hip joint move in a circular fashion around a fixed point

-rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from midline of body

-occurs in transverse plane

-rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body

-occurs in transverse plane

-turning sole of foot outward or laterally

-standing with weight on inner edge of foot

-turning sole of foot inward or medially

-standing with weight on outer edge of foot

-inferior movement of shoulder girdle 

-returning to normal position from a shoudler shrug

-superior movement of shoulder girdle

-shrugging the shoulders

-forward movement of shoulder girdle away from spine

-abduction of the scapula

-backward movement of shoulder girdle toward spine

-adduction of the scapula

-movement of head and/or trunk laterally away from midline

-abduction of spine

-return of spinal column to anatomic position from lateral flexion

-adduction of spine

-load/effort or load divided by effort

-ideally using a relatively small force, or effort to move a much greater resistance

may be thought of as a series of simple machines

-machines used to increase mechanical advantage

-consider mechanical aspect of each component in analysis with respect to components' machine-like function

-balance multiple forces

-enhance force in an attempt to reduce total force needed to overcome a resistance

-enhance range of motion and speed of movement so that resistance may be moved further or faster than applied force

-alter resulting direction of the applied force

1. levers

2. wheels-axles

3. pulleys

axis (A) between force (F) and resistance (R)

F----.----R

A

resistance (R) between axis (A) and force (F)

.-R------F-

A              

force (F) between axis (A) and resistance (R)

.-F------R-

A              

resistance/force

or

length of force arm/length of resistance arm

-produce force movements, since a large resistance can be moved by a relatively small force

(ex: wheelbarrow, nutcracker, loosening a lug nut, raising the body up on the toes)

-relatively few 2nd class levers in the body

-produce speed and range-of-motion movements

-most common in the human body

-requires a great deal of force to move even a small resistance

(ex: paddling a boat, shoveling)

-force applied in a direction not in line with the center of rotation of an object with a fixed axis

(in objects without a fixed axis it is an applied force that is not in line with the object's center of gravity)

-if the force arm and resistance arm are equal in length, a force equal to the resistance is required to balance it

-as the force arm becomes longer, a decreasing amount of force is required to move a relatively larger resistance

-as the force arm becomes shorter, an increasing amount of force is required to move a relatively smaller resistance

-placing the resistance halfway betweeen the axis and the point of force application provides an MA = 2

-moving the resistance closer to the axis increases the MA, but decreases the distance that the resistance is moved

-the closer the resistance is positioned to the point of force application the less of an MA, but the greater the distance it is moved

-a force greater than the resistance, regardless of the point of force application, is required due to the resistance arm always being longer

-moving the point of force application closer to the axis increases the range of motion and speed

-moving the point of force application closer to the resistance decreases the force needed

-single pulleys function to change effective direction of force application (mechanical advantage = 1)

-pulleys may be combined to form compound pulleys to increase mechanical advantage (each additional pulley increases mechanical advantage by 2)

1. small movements over the ball

2. move the joint past the ball in some way

-decrease the possibility of injury

-improve performance: increase range of motion, increase nervous intervations, increase motor unit recruitment

as Kelly describes different positions to get into (verbal cue's), how is he using his knowledge of the body's biomechanics?

flexed rigid spine

2 types of motion

(newton's laws of motion)

1. linear motion

2. angular motion

-a body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless actd upon by a force

-a bosy at rest tends to remain at rest unless actes on by a force

-fracture bones

-dislocate joints

-disrupt muscles and connective tissues

-tension (stretching or strain)

-compression

-shear

-bending

-torsion (twisting)

velocity and 

velocity = 

the rate of change of displacement

displacement/time

momentum and

momentum =

the product of mass (weight) times velocity

mass X velocity

220lb/2.2kg = 100kg

100kg X 6m/s = 600kgm/s

130lb/2.2kg = 59.1kg

1/2 (59.1kg)(7m/s)^2

1/2(59.1kg)(49m/s^2)

1/2 (2895.9kgm/s^2)

1447.95J

acceleration and

acceleration =

the change in velocity

meters/seconds^2

[5m/s -9m/s]/11sec

[-4m/s]/11sec = -0.36m/s^2

(deceleration = negative number)

work and

work =

a force acting on an object to cause the objects displacement

force X displacement

or

mass X acceleration X displacement

350lb/2.2kg = 159.1kg

10ft X 12in X 2.54cm X 0.01m = 3.05m

159.1kg X 9.8m/s^2 X 3.05m = 4755.5Nm

work/time

or

[mass X gravity X distance]/time

250lb/2.2kg = 113.64kg

5ft X 12in X 2.54cm X 0.01m = 1.52m

[113.64kg X 9.8m/s^2 X 1.52m]/1.5sec = 1128.52W

1128.52W/[140lb/2.2kg] = 17.73W/kg

1. sensation

2. interpretation

3. execution

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and

Central Nervous System (CNS)