Term
| Nephrotic syndrome includes a group of conditions characterized by |
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Definition
| by increased basement membrane permeability, permitting the urinary loss of plasma proteins, particularly low-weight proteins, such as albumin. |
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Term
| Nephrotic syndrome is comprised of (4 things) |
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Definition
1. proteinuria
2. edema,
3. hypoalbuminemia, and
4. hyperlipidemia |
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Term
| Causes of nephrotic syndrome more prevalent in adults |
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Definition
| membranous glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| causes of nephrotic syndrome more prevalent in children |
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Definition
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Term
| In all forms of glomerulonephritis, the deposition of immune complexes within the glomeruli leads |
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Definition
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Term
| In Nephritic glomernephritis the inflammatory response may cause cell proliferation of |
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Definition
| endothelial, mesangial, and epithelial cells and, in severe disease, glomerular necrosis. |
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Term
| Clinically, glomerular inflammation causes nephritic syndrome, which is composed of (5 things) |
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Definition
1. hematuia,
2. hypertension
3. hypoalbuminemia,
4. edema
5. proteinuria. |
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Term
| Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis typically a sequela of |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis develops |
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Definition
| 2-4 weeks after infection |
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Term
| Most patients of Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis are children who recover/outlook is |
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Definition
| spontaneously; only 1%-2% of patients progress to chronic glomerulonephritis outlook is very good. |
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Term
| Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis is a group |
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Definition
| A beta hemolytic streptococci (autoimmune disease) |
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Term
| Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis child clinically develops symptoms of |
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Definition
| malaise, fever, nausea, oliguria, and hematuira 2 week after recovery form sore throat. (95% of children improve) |
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Term
| Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis pathologic findings include |
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Definition
| hypercellular glomeruli containing inflammatory cells(e.g.,neutrophils, macrophages) and an increased number of mesangial and endothelial cells. |
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Term
| Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis Subepithelial immune complexes seen in |
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Definition
| Isolated humps seen in electron microscopy |
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Term
| IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) This is the most common form |
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Definition
| of adult glomerulonephritis. |
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Term
| IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) Pathologic findings include |
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Definition
| focal mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial deposits of IgA. |
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Term
| IgA Nephropathy Most common form of GN in young adults (15-30) pathology is |
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Definition
| IgA deposits in mesangium, varied severity |
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Term
| Manifestations of IgA NEPHROPATHY (BERGER Disease) |
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Definition
40% asymptomatic with microscopic hematuria
40% bouts of hematuria
10% nephrotic syndrome
10% renal failure |
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Term
| IgA NEPHROPATHY (BERGER Disease) Clinical findings |
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Definition
| The presentation may vary from mild hematuria and proteinuria to slowly progressive renal failure. |
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Term
| IgA NEPHROPATHY (BERGER Disease) response to therapy |
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Definition
| patients do not respond to therapy with immunosupressive drugs or steroids |
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Term
| MINIMAL CHANGE GLOMERULOPATHY Nil disease (lipoid nephrosis) is |
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Definition
| the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, outlook is very good. Over 18 will not get disease |
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Term
| MINIMAL CHANGE GLOMERULOPATHY Nil disease (lipoid nephrosis) cause is |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathology of MINIMAL CHANGE GLOMERULOPATHY Nil disease (lipoid nephrosis) |
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Definition
| fusion of foot processes, steroid sensitive disease |
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Term
| MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY is |
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Definition
| Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults (40%) |
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Term
| MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY types (2) |
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Definition
Two types:
Primary (unknown)
Secondary (SLE, HBV, drugs, cancer) |
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Term
| MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY pathology |
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Definition
Sub-epithelial deposits of immune complex leading
to Nephrotic syndrome (25% recover, 50% persist, 25% progress) |
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Term
| Diabetic Glomeruloscerosis is |
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Definition
| Diabetes caused BM thickening leading to Proteinuria Renal failure ( the leading cause in US) |
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Term
| Diabetic Glomeruloscerosis pathology |
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Definition
Diffuse global thickening of BM
Proteinuria occurs in 50% of the cases |
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Term
| Lupus nephritis is found in |
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Definition
| 75% of patients with systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE). |
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Term
| Lupus nephritis treatment of inflammation is with |
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Definition
| corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide |
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Term
| Lupus nephritis 20% of patients presents with |
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Definition
| membranous nephropathy, which is resistant to treatment. |
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Term
| Lupus nephritis pathologic findings include |
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Definition
| hypercellular glomeruli with “wire loop” thickening of the basement membranes. |
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Term
| Lupus nephritis immune complex deposits size and location |
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Definition
| vary in size and may be found in any portion of the glomerulus. |
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Term
| Lupus nephritis clinical findings presentation varies from |
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Definition
| mild hematuria and proteinuria to signs of severe dysfunction. |
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Term
| Evidence of other findings in SLE |
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Definition
Anti nuclear antibodies (ANA) and
other clinical manifestations of SLE are evident. |
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Term
| Crescentic glomerulonephritis occurs as |
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Definition
| consequence of focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis. |
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Term
| Crescentic glomerulonephritis following rupture of the damaged glomerular capillary loops is an |
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Definition
| inflammatory exudate containing macrophages fills the glomerular urinary space |
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Term
| Crescentic glomerulonephritis formation of crescent shames causes the |
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Definition
| inflammatory exudate, along with proliferation of the epithelial cells that lines the bowman capsule |
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Term
| Crescentic glomerulonephritis after crescent shape forms, leading to |
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Definition
| Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN) ensuing, leading to acute renal failure |
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Term
| Goodpasture syndrome is caused by an |
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Definition
| anti-glomerular basement membrane(anti-GBM) antibody that reacts with alveolar and glomerular basement membranes, leading to pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. |
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Term
| Binding of the autoantibodies directly to the glomerular basement membrane results in |
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Definition
| a linear pattern on immunofluorescence microscopy staining. |
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Term
| Nephritic syndrome hallmarks |
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Definition
hematuria
high bp
decreased GFR |
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Term
| Poliferative glomerulonephritis outlook is |
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Definition
| very good, usually curable with or without medication |
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Term
| Nephritic syndrome comprised of an |
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Definition
| inflamed glomerulus comprising blood flow and filtration |
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Term
| Nephritic syndrome clinical findings |
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Definition
| oligunia, hematuria, azotemia, hypertension, mild edema |
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Term
| Red Blood Cells casts are present in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 forms of crescent shaped nephritis |
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Definition
lupus
Goodpasture syndrome |
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Term
| Goopasture syndrome will involve |
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Definition
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Term
| Lupus and Goodpasture syndrome are diseases of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein loss measurement of Nephritic urine is |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein loss measurement of Nephrotic urine is |
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Definition
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