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| Articles Of Confederation |
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| the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789. |
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| an armed uprising that took place in Massachusetts, (mostly in and around Springfield,) during 1786 and 1787, which some historians believe "fundamentally altered the course of United States' history." |
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| body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. (Ex: The right to privacy, to have a voice, religious freedom.) |
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| Rights to and for the people. |
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| The Supremacy Clause is the provision in Article Six, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution that establishes the United States Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties as "the supreme law of the land". |
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| The Tenth Amendment, or Amendment X of the United States Constitution is the section of the Bill of Rights that basically says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states. |
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| "Necessary and proper" Clause |
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| Government makes necessary laws, while state decides which is a proper law. |
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| A loose interpretation of the Constitution posits that the government of the United States hold all powers that are not specifically denied to it by the Constitution. |
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| A strict interpretation of the Constitution states that the government of the United States holds only those powers specifically granted to it by the Constitution. |
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| an advocate or supporter of federalism. |
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| a group of diverse individuals that formed to oppose the ratification (passage) of the new federal Constitution in 1787. |
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| a founding father of the United States,[1] chief of staff to General George Washington, one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the U.S. Constitution, the founder of the nation's financial system, and the founder of the first American political party. |
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| Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States. |
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| A series of laws, passed during the presidency of John Adams at the end of the eighteenth century, that sought to restrict the public activities of political radicals who sympathized with the French Revolution and criticized Adams's Federalist policies. |
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| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
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| were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. |
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| Hartford Convention (During the War of 1812) |
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| in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. |
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| The withdrawal from the United States of eleven southern states in 1860 and 1861. |
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| Constitutional struggle between some states and President Andrew Jackson. The states didn't want to pay the protective tariff that Jackson wanted, and the states claimed the right to "nullify," or declare void the tariff. This would have meant that the states didn't have to pay the tariff. More importantly, it would have meant that the states would have had authority over the federal government in a basic economic matter like the tariff. The states involved withdrew their objection to the tariff, mainly because of yet another compromise bill introduced by Henry Clay. This bill gradually reduced tariffs for 11 years, putting off the nullification question until then. |
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