Term
| What are the primary cardio indicators for beta blockers? Side effects? |
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Definition
| Side effects are HYPOTENSION. |
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Term
| What is the primary indication for Calcium Channel Blockers? Side effects? |
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Definition
| Prevent Ca from entering cells and regulate contraction. Have no significant effect on VEINS. ESP Heart and Blood Vessels. Treats HTN, Angina, cardiac dysrythmias. Effects on heart identical to beta1 blocker. |
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Term
| What are the effects of Calcium and the role of CCB on heart and smooth muscle? |
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Definition
| Allow heart to depolarize/contract and constrict BV. By blocking Ca channels there is less Ca around to facilitate this action. |
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Term
| What are the differences in site of action btw DIHYDROPYHRIDINES (verapamil) and other CBBs? |
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Definition
| Dihydropyhridines act as potent VASOdilators but have no cardiac effects. Other CCB work on both vasculature AND heart. |
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Term
| What are the 5 PLATELET AGGREGATION pathways that can activate GP IIb/IIIa? [GPIIb/IIa allows platelets to bind to fibrin and become activated) |
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Definition
| 1.Thromboxane A2 [TXA2], 2.thrombin, 3.collagen, 4.PAF (platelet activation factor), 5.ADP |
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Term
| Outline the conduction system of the heart, start from SA Node: |
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Definition
| SA-->AV-->Bundle of HIS--L/R Bundle Branches-->Perkinje fibers |
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Term
| What is the flow of Na, Ca, and K during the contraction of the heart? |
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Definition
| Na influxes during depolarization, Ca influxes during CONTRACTION, K extrudes during repolarization. |
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Term
| R/T Antidysrhythmics: What are Class I drugs? |
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Definition
| Na channel blockers, prolong or accelerate REPOLARIZATION. |
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Term
| R/T Antidysrhythmics: What are Class II drugs? |
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Definition
| Beta blockers, act on repolarization phase (Ca2+) |
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Term
| R/T Antidysrhythmics: What are Class III drugs? |
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Definition
| Act on K+ channels, prolong repolarization, AMIODARONE |
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Term
| R/T Antidysrhythmics: What are Class IV drugs? |
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Definition
| Calcium Channel Blockers, speed up or slow down the beginning of repolarization/supress AV node conduction. |
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Term
| What is the role of statins in drug therapy for dislipiemias? |
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Definition
| Reduces LDL (bad cholesterol) |
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Term
| What are the treatment goals for levels of TOTAL CHOLESTEROL, LDL and HDL? |
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Definition
| <240, <100 (<70 if CAD or <160 if no other risk factors), >40 |
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Term
| What are the benefits of lowering cholesterol r/t the heart? |
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Definition
| prevention of CHD, plaque stabilization, anti-inflammatory effects, reverse endothelial dysfunction, improve coronary vasodilation and improve myocardial blood flow, reduce thrombus formation at sight of plaque rupture, reduce rate of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac death. |
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Term
| What are the NON cardiac benefits of lowering cholesterol? |
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Definition
| non-cardiac (all are ‘maybe’s): decrease risk and slow progression of dementia, preserve renal function, decrease risk and mortality from sepsis, decrease risk of venous thromboembolism, increase bone formation/decrease fractures, lower BP, improve outcomes in HF |
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