Term
|
Definition
| the study of how people grow, maure and change over the lifespan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of developmental research in whcih people of different ages are tested and compared |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study in which the same people are tested at different times to track changes related to age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zygote (germinal 2 weeks)-Embryo (embryonic 3 to 9 weeks) -Fetus (fetal 9th to birth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fertilized egg tt undergoes 2 week period of rapid cell division an develops into an embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A developing human organism from 2 weeks to 2 months after conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dvping human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Greek- tera= monster. toxic substances tt can harm the embryo or fetus during prenatal development |
|
|
Term
| Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
|
Definition
| A specific pattern of birth defects- stunted growth, facial deformity and retrdation, often found in offspring of alcoholic mothers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency for attention to a novel stimulus to wane over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| following habituation to one stimulus, the tendency for a second stimulus to arouse new interest (often used to test whether infants can discriminate between stimuli) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in infants, an autonomis tnedency to grasp an object tt stimulates the palm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in response to contact on the cheek, an infant's tendency to turn toward the stimulus and open its mouth |
|
|
Term
| Sensory capacities in infants |
|
Definition
1) Vision and Visual preferences: nearsighted, colorblind, attention to human face and complexity, mimicry as social reflex
2) Hearing and auditory reflexes: muffled hearing, speech sound and tone distinctions, tracking of source of sound, prefer baby talk |
|
|
Term
| Piaget's theory of cognitive development |
|
Definition
Children used a logic foriegn to adults
1)Sensorimotor stage 0-2 yrs
2)Preoperational stage 2-6 yrs
3)Concrete operational stage 7-12 yrs
4)Formal operational stage 12 yrs-adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Piaget's theory, the process of incorporating and changing new information to fit existnig cognitive structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Piaget's theory, mental representations of the world tt guide the processes of assimilation and accomodation eg view of earth being flat or shperical in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Piaget's theory, the process of modifying existing cognitive structures in response to new information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the crowning cognitive dvpt in sensorimotor stage, the awareness tt objects continue to exist even after they disappear from view |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fear reaction to the absence of the primary caretaker, an aspect of social dvpt tt comes with object permanance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The child uses symbols (words and images) to represent objects but does not reason logically. the child also has the ability to pretend. child is egocentric. conservation is not yet acquired. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The understanding that physical properties of an object stay the same despite superficial changes in appearance. they think that 'what you see is what you get' eg. drinking glasses, play dough, pennies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The infant explores the world through direct sensory and motor contact. object permanace and separation anxiety are dvped. |
|
|
Term
| Concrete operational stage |
|
Definition
| Child can think logically about concrete objects and can add ad subtract, an understands consevation. learn to take on perspectives of another person, and group objects into categories, recognizing patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The adolescent can reason abstractly and think in hypothetical terms, with inductive and deductive reasoning and systematic hypothesis testing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1)Parent-Child relationship: imprinting during critical period, and attachment eg Harlow's experiment on rhesus monkeys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a period of time when an organism must be exposed to a certain stimulus for proper dvpt to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A deep emotional bond tt an infant dvps with its primary caretaker in 2nd half of 1st year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strange-situation test: separation-and-reunion test of baby's reactions: secure attachment or insecure attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period of life from childhood to adulthood, corresponding roughly to the ages of thirteen to twenty. |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive development in puberty |
|
Definition
| Moral reasoning: preconventional (satisfy slef-serving motives), conventional (resolved by laws and norms) and postconventional levels (based on abstract principles like justice, equality and value of life, moral if affirmed in conscience, even if breaks law) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the maximum age for members of a given species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of years that an average member of species is expected to live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the muscles, heart and lungs, vision and speed of reflexes reduce in capacity after peaking at about 30. women experience menopause at about 50, when estrogen levels are lowered. in 60s to 70s, physical aging is more evident in wrinkles, loss of hearing and sight and shrinkage. |
|
|
Term
| Aging and intellectual functions |
|
Definition
Memory and forgetting: decline in memory attributed to 1) sensory acuity and 2) neural speed
Alzheimer's disease: a cause of dementia, a mental disorder that causes severe cognitive impairments due to brain damage, and kills brain cells at a terrifying pace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease tt causes brain tisue to have wads of sticky debris called plagues, tt kill brain cells. believed to be an accumulation of toxins in the brain tt kill cells producing acetylcholine. after diagnosis, the patient has about 8 yrs to live, and experience depression, change in personality, bursts of anger, severe loss of memory and cognitive functions as well as physical functions. no cure, but temporary relief in form of boosting acetylcholine. vaccine is being sought, to innoculate, but no known prevention yet. |
|
|
Term
| Fluid and crystallized intelligence |
|
Definition
Fluid: the ability to reason quickly and abstractly, solve problems of logic, detect letter or number sequences or think in 2D.
Crystallized: an accumulation of factual knowledge, skill or expertise as mesaured by one's grammar or vocab, or ability to add/subtract. |
|
|
Term
| Erikson's 8 stages of dvpt |
|
Definition
Infancy (0-1): trust vs mistrust
Toddler (1-2): autonomy vs shame and doubt
Preschool (3-5): initiative vs guilt
Elementary school (6-12): industry vs inferiority
Adolescence(13-19): identity vs role confusion
Young adulthood (20-40): intimacy vs isolation
Middle adulthood (40-65): generativity vs stagnation
Late adulthood (>65): integrity vs despair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of cultural expectations concerning the most appropriate age for men and women to leave home, marry, start a career, have children and retire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Life satisfaction does not vary with age, even though self esteem dioes vary from esch stage of life to the next. highest self esteem in 60s, lowest from 18-22. |
|
|
