Term
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Definition
| a term used to describe any treatment in which a trained professional uses psychological techniques to help someone in the need of assistance (counseling psychologist, psychiatric social worker, clinical psychologist and psychiatrist) |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Cognitive and Behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| Transference, Resistance, Free-association, catharsis. neo-freudians have altered this 'out of sight' therapy to one more conversational and with the purpose of facilitation |
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Term
| Criticisms for psychoanalysis |
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Definition
1. takes too long and too expensive
2. interpretations can never be disproved, and disagreement is taken as resistance
3. not truly therapeutic (but has been disproved) |
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Term
| Behavioral therapies/ cognitive-behavioral therapies |
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Definition
| techniques used to modify disordered thoughts, feeling and behaviors through principles of learning |
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Term
| Classical-conditioning techniques used in behavioral therapies |
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Definition
1. Flooding- person is exposed to anxiety casuing stimuli until anxiety is extinguished
2. Systematic Desensitization- pairing gradual exposure to stimuli with relation techniques
3. Aversive conditioning- given Antabuse, to make person sick while exposed to stimuli eg alchohol or drugs |
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Term
| 3 Systematic desensitization steps |
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Definition
1)relaxation training
2) construction of anxiety hierarchy
3) gradual exposure in imaginal exposure then in vivo exposure |
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Term
| Operant Conditioning Techniques used in Behavioral therapies |
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Definition
1. Reward and punishment- token economy that earns priviliges or desired items eg cigarettes
2. Biofeedback- pple learn to ctrl physiological responses with help of feedback about internal states eg seeing sensors on screen show heart rate etc
3. Social-skills training- teach interpersonal skills through modeling, rehearsal, reinforcement eg assertiveness training |
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Term
| Differences imn assumptions between operant conditiong and classical conditioning |
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Definition
Classical- if responses can be conditioned, cthey can similarly be erased, as with disorders
Operant- reinforcement can be used to promote as well as extinguish behaviors based on desirability |
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Term
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Definition
form of psychotherapy in which pple are taught to think in more adaptive ways
1. Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)- confronted with maladaptive beliefs
2. Beck's Cognitive therapy- collaborativ and gentler approach to confronting maladaptive beliefs, more counselor like |
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Term
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Definition
Focused on patient helping self heal, therapist was only a facilitator
1. Person-centered Therapy- warm and accepting, safe environment is provided to foster acceptance and insight
2. Gestalt therapy- clients are aggressively prompted to express feelings. challenged to answer while in the 'hot-seat' |
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Term
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Definition
simultaneous treatment of clients in a group setting eg Alcoholics Anonymous
1. Transactional analysis- analysis of the interactions in a group
2. Sensitivity training- a group of people are encourages to openly interact with sensitivity
3. Encounter group- members express themselves with brutal honesty with crying, yelling, laughing etc |
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Term
| Assumptions and goals of humanistic therapy |
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Definition
1) trusts a client's growth instincts
2) focus on feelings, not cognition
3) oriented in the here and now, not the past
4) makes the client responsible for change |
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Term
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Definition
| prefered form instead of inidivduals in Gestalt therapy, because believe tt family is a system tt must all work tgt for the sum to work |
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Term
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Definition
| Yes, 80% of no-treatment patients had lower improvement rates than those treated (Smith 1980) |
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Term
| 3 factors that contribute to successful treatment |
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Definition
1) Supportive relationship
2) A ray of hope (placebo effect with shamans etc)
3) opportunity to open up, catharsis |
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Term
| Eclectic approach to psychology |
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Definition
| psychotherapists employ and incorporate various therapies depending on the need and situation, not declaring to be single oriented in therapy techniques |
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Term
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Definition
Psychopharmacology, study of effects of drugs on disorders and cognitive processes
1. Antianxiety drugs- Valium, Xanax, buspirone (slow release)
2. Antidepressants- Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
3. Mood Stabilizers- lithium
4. Antipsychotic drugs- chlorpromazine (does not relieve neg symptoms of schizophrenia, and side effects like shaking) new one Clorazil is better |
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Term
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) |
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Definition
| in the winter, pple get melancholy, therapy is being exposed to fluorescent lights every day |
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Term
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Definition
1) drug therap
2) Electroconvulsive therap
3) Psychosurgery |
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Term
| Electroconvulsive therapy |
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Definition
| (ECT), shock is delivered to inside of head, muscle relaxant to prevet hurtful convulsions. shock treatments to relieve severe depression by triggering seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| surgically removing parts of the brain ie lobotomy |
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