something that calms or soothes pain

1543, from M.L. anodynus "pain-removing," from L. anodynus "painless," from Gk. anodynos "free from pain," from an- "without" + odyne "pain," a word perhaps from a PIE root meaning "to eat." 

to claim without justification; take

1537, from L. arrogat-, pp. stem of arrogare "to claim for oneself" (see arrogance). 

to afflict; destroy; damage; plague

1611, origin obscure, apparently emerged into literary speech from the talk of gardeners and farmers, perhaps ult. from O.E. blæce, blæcðu, a scrofulous skin condition and/or from O.N. blikna "become pale." Used in a general way of agricultural diseases, sometimes with suggestion of "invisible baleful influence;" hence figurative sense of "anything which withers hopes or prospects or checks prosperity" (1852). The verb in this sense is from 1712. Hence slang blighter (1896) "contemptible fellow," but often jocular. 

a false accusation; libel; slander

1447, from M.Fr. calomnie, from L. calumnia "slander, false accusation," from calvi "to trick, deceive," from PIE base *kel-, *kol- "to deceive, confuse." 

to pamper; fondle; spoil

1659, "to fondle, caress, indulge," from a noun (1579) meaning "lamb brought up as a pet" (applied to persons from 1596), perhaps from O.E. cot-sæta "one who dwells in a cot." 

to act confusedly or without clear purpose; waffle; waver

1649, "to quake, tremble," phonetic variant of M.E. didderen (c.1375), of uncertain origin. The sense of "vacillate, be anxious" is from 1819. 

to shun; avoid; elude; evade

1340, from O.Fr. eschiver, from Frank. *skiuhan "dread, avoid, shun" (cf. O.H.G. sciuhen "make fearful"), from P.Gmc. *skeukhwaz. Related to shy (v.). 

to censor

presumably shares root with purge 

to infuse; dye; wet; moisten

c.1550, "to cause to absorb" (feelings, opinions, etc.), from M.Fr. imbu (infl. by L. imbutus, pp. of imbuere "moisten, stain"), earlier embu, pp. of emboire, from L. imbibere "drink in, soak in." 

to call into question; to attack verbally

1362, from O.Fr. impugner, from L. impugnare "to assault, to attack," from in- "upon" + pugnare "to fight" (see pugnacious). 

inflexible; unyielding; stubborn

1553, from L. inexorabilis "that cannot be moved by entreaty," from in- "not" + exorabilis "able to be entreated," from exorare "to prevail upon," from ex- "out" + orare "pray." 

interval between reigns

1579, from L., lit. "between-reign," from inter- (q.v.) + regnum (see reign). 

tearful; weepy

1661, "tear-like," from L. lacrimosus "tearful, sorrowful," from lacrima "tear," a dialect-altered borrowing of Gk. dakryma "tear," from dakryein "to shed tears," from dakry "tear," from PIE *dakru-/*draku- (see tear (n.)). Meaning "given to tears, tearful" is first attested 1727; meaning "of a mournful character" is from 1822. The -d- to -l- alteration in L. is the so-called "Sabine -L-," cf. L. olere "smell," from root of odor, and Ulixes, the L. form of Gk. Odysseus. 

trickery

c.1430, "conjuring tricks," from M.Fr. léger de main "quick of hand," from léger "light" in weight (from L. levis "light;" see lever) + main "hand" (from L. manus, see manual). 

plot or scheme

c.1477, "a plotting, intrigue," from L. machinationem (nom. machinatio) "device, contrivance, machination," from machinatus, pp. of machinari "contrive, plot," from machina (see machine). 

beggar

1474, from L. mendicantem (nom. mendicans) "beggar," prp. of mendicare "to beg," from mendicus "beggar," originally "cripple" (connection via cripples who beg), from menda "fault, physical defect" (see mendacious). Earlier form in M.E. was mendinant (1362), from O.Fr. mendinant, prp. of mendiner "to beg," from the same L. source. 

a written note or letter

1444, from M.L. missivus "for sending, sent," esp. in littera missiva "letters sent," from L. missus, pp. of mittere "to send." 

indirect; evasive

1432, from M.Fr. oblique, from L. obliquus "slanting, sidelong, indirect," from ob "against" + root of licinus "bent upward," from PIE base *lei- "to bend, be movable" (see limb (1)). As a type of muscles, in ref. to the axis of the body, 1615 (adj.), 1800 (n.). 

agitated; overdone

"worked up to too high a pitch," 1825, lit. "over-worked," from over + wrought (q.v.). 

discussion, usually between enemies

"conference," especially with an enemy, 1449, from M.Fr. parlée, from fem. pp. of O.Fr. parler "to speak," from L.L. parabolare "to speak (in parables)," from parabola "speech, discourse," from L. parabola "comparison" (see parable). The verb is 14c., probably a separate borrowing of O.Fr. parler. 

having bad connotations; disparaging; insulting

"depreciative, disparaging," 1882, from Fr. péjoratif (fem. péjorative), from L.L. pejoratus, pp. of pejorare "make worse," from L. pejor "worse," related to pessimus "worst," pessum "downward, to the ground." Eng. had pejorate "to worsen" from 1644. 

a monarch or ruler with great power

c.1400, from L.L. potentatus "a ruler," also "political power," from L. potentatus "power, dominion," from potentem (nom. potens) "powerful" (see potent). 

childish; immature

shares root with puberty 

relief from wrong or injury

c.1366, from O.Fr. redrecier, from re- "again" + drecier "to straighten, arrange." Formerly used in many more senses than currently. 

relaxation; leisure

"lie at rest," 1470, from M.Fr. reposer, from O.Fr. repauser (10c.), from L.L. repausare "cause to rest," from L. re-, intensive prefix, + L.L. pausare "to stop" (see pause). The noun is attested from 1509. 

very highly ornamented; intricate; ornate

1836, "old-fashioned," from Fr. rococo, apparently a humorous alteration of rocaille "shellwork, pebble-work" from M.Fr. roche "rock," from V.L. *rocca "stone." Specifically of furniture or architecture of the time of Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze, from 1841. The reference is to the excessive use of shell designs in this lavish style. For differentiation from baroque, see baroque. The general sense of "tastelessly florid or ornate" is from 1844. 

cheerfully optimistic; hopeful

1319, "type of red cloth," from O.Fr. sanguin (fem. sanguine), from L. sanguineus "of blood," also "bloody, bloodthirsty," from sanguis (gen. sanguinis) "blood" (see sanguinary). Meaning "blood-red" is recorded from 1382. Meaning "cheerful, hopeful, confident" first attested 1509, since these qualities were thought in medieval physiology to spring from an excess of blood as one of the four humors. 

behavior that promotes rebellion or civil disorder against the state; conspiracy

c.1375, "rebellion," from O.Fr. sedicion, from L. seditionem (nom. seditio) "civil disorder, dissention," lit. "a going apart, separation," from se- "apart" (see secret) + itio "a going," from pp. of ire "to go." Meaning "conduct or language inciting to rebellion against a lawful government" is from 1838. 

nickname

1646, from Fr. sobriquet "nickname," from M.Fr. soubriquet, lit. "a chuck under the chin," of unknown origin (first element probably from L. sub "under"). 

extremely loud

"of powerful voice," 1605, from Stentor, legendary Gk. herald in the Trojan War, whose voice (described in the "Iliad") was as loud as 50 men. His name is from Gk. stenein "groan, moan," from PIE imitative base *(s)ten-, source of O.E. þunor "thunder." 

tarnish; taint

1571 (implied in sulliedness), probably from M.Fr. souiller, from O.Fr. souillier "make dirty" (see soil (v.)). 

gaudy; cheap; showy

"cheap, showy, gaudy," 1676, adjective use of noun tawdry "silk necktie for women" (1612), shortened from tawdry lace (1548), an alteration of St. Audrey's lace, a necktie or ribbon sold at the annual fair at Ely on Oct. 17 commemorating St. Audrey (queen of Northumbria, died 679), whose name was worn down from O.E. Æðelðryð "noble might," from æðele "noble" (from P.Gmc. *athala-, from PIE *at-al- "race, family," from *at(i)- "over, beyond, super" + *al- "to nourish") + ðryð "might." Her association with cheap lace necklaces is that she supposedly died of a throat tumor, which she considered God's punishment for her youthful fondness for showy necklaces [Bede]. 

trace; remnant

1602, from Fr. vestige "a mark, trace, sign," from L. vestigium "footprint, trace," of unknown origin. Vestigial first recorded 1877. 

sickly pale

O.E. wann "dark, lacking luster," later "leaden, pale, gray," of uncertain origin, and not found in other Gmc. languages. The connecting notion is colorlessness. Perhaps related to wane. 

a gentle breeze; something airy or unsubstantial

1369, from O.E. Zefferus, from L. Zephyrus, from Gk. Zephyros "the west wind" (sometimes personified as a god), probably related to zophos "the west, the dark region, darkness, gloom." Sense of "mild breeze" is c.1610.