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| a substance formed from more than one chemical element in particular proportions |
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| element number 6 of the periodic table of elements; carbon typically forms four chemical bonds and serves as the basis of organic compounds that are essential for living things |
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| molecules that are structured around carbon and are essential for living things, except for a few of the smallest carbon compounds, such as CO2 and CO, which are considered inorganic |
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| the branch of science that considers the reactions and properties of organic compounds |
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| the branch of science that considers the molecules and reactions that occur in living things |
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organic molecules that either are simple sugar molecules or are composed of simple sugar molecules connected in an unbranched or branched chain, with a ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen atoms of about 1:2:1
organic molecules that either are simple sugar molecules or are composed of simple sugar molecules connected in an unbranched or branched chain, with a ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen atoms of about 1:2:1 |
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| Sugars made of one or two sugar units. Sucrose , or table sugar, and fructose , the sugar found in many fruits, are examples of simple carbohydrates |
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| a disaccharide, with glucose and fructose subunits, found in sugar cane, sugar beets, and maple syrup, and which is used in purified form as table sugar |
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| a monosaccharide found in fruits and corn, a 6-carbon simple sugar molecule with a ring structure composed of 4 carbon atoms and an oxygen atom, with the chemical formula C6H12O6 |
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| are made of many repeating sugar units (more than two). Starch, a complex carbohydrate that occurs in plants, occurs in large amounts in potatoes and grains. Glycogen , another complex carbohydrate, is found mainly in the muscles and liver of vertebrate animals. |
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| a branched polysaccharide, formed from glucose subunits, found in vertebrate animals, primarily in muscles and the liver, used for energy storage |
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| one of four major classes of large organic molecules, not soluble in water, made mostly of carbon atoms in long chains or rings with attached hydrogen atoms |
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| four main types of lipids |
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| Waxes, fats and oils,Phospholipids and steroids |
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| a type of molecule composed of two long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms, connected at one end to phosphorus and oxygen atoms; phospholipids make up the main structural element of biological membranes |
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| a type of lipid molecule that has multiple rings of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms, some of which function as hormones or as structural elements in cell membranes |
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| one of the four major classes of large organic molecules, made of connected amino acids, capable of a wide variety of structures and functions |
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| the organic molecules that serve as the units from which proteins are made, and that include a nitrogen (amino) group and an organic acid group in the molecule. There are 20 different amino acids. |
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| a protein that carries oxugen in your blood from your lungs to your cells |
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| carry and process information. There are two types of nucleic acids , DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid ). |
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| a unit composed of a sugar, a nitrogen-containing group, and a group containing phosphorus and oxygen atoms, and that serves as the unit from which nucleic acids are made |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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| a nucleic acid made of a twisted double string of nucleotide units, each unit with deoxyribose as the sugar component and guanine, cytosine, adenine, or thymine as a nitrogen-containing base component; DNA stores the genetic information of cells, including information determining the structure of proteins |
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| a nucleic acid made of a string of nucleotide units, each with ribose as the sugar component and guanine, cytosine, adenine, or uracil as a nitrogen-containing base component; RNA makes up part of the machinery for protein synthesis |
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| ATP (adenosine triphosphate |
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| a molecule made of the nucleotide adenine, and phosphorus, with a bond that enables it to provide energy to drive chemical reactions in the cell |
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| something about an organism that allows it to live and reproduce effectively in its particular environment |
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| one of the three domains of life, made up of prokaryotic organisms, most of which live under exteme conditions of temperature or chemical environment, and which differ in several fundamental characteristics from the other main group of prokaryotic organisms, bacteria |
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| the scientific study of living things |
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| a taxonomic category that represents a group of individual organisms that resemble one another closely and have the ability to interbreed |
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| 6 essential characteristics of life. |
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| Growth, acquisition and use of energy, reproduction, homeostasis, response to stimuli, and adaptation to environment, |
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| maintenance of a stable condition in a system, generally by processes that compensate for changes |
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| a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itself |
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| a catalyst for chemical reactions within living things, increasing the rate of the reaction without being changed itself |
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| An animal protein substance |
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| An atom or molecule that is formed from reactants in a chemical reaction |
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| a type of enzyme that breaks up proteins |
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| A molecule on which enzymes act |
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