An amu is an atomic mass unit. That is a mass unit equal to exactly one-twelfth the mass of carbon 12-atom.

Therefore 1 atom of ¹²C "weighs" 12 amu.

The weights listed on the periodic table are all the __________ atomic mass.

Show the formula for finding the average atomic mass.

(Percentage¹ x amu¹) + (Percentage² x amu²)

100

What is the molar mass of anything?

It is the mass of 1 mole of a substance in grams.

For any element the atomic mass= the molar mass.

This is the sum of the atomic masses(in amu) in a formula unit of an ionic compound.

For any molecule

what = what?

For any ionic compound

what always = what?

what is this formula?

n x molar mass of element   x 100%

molar mass of compound             

1. convert the mass percent to grams and divide by the molar mass, which gives the moles of each element.

2. divide the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles, which gives the mole ratios of elements

3.change the mole ratios of an element to integer subscripts, and that produces the empirical formula.

  Molecular mass of a compound   = (WHAT?)

empirical molar mass               

What is a chemical reaction?

2 NH₃

What is the proper name for the 2 in this molecule?

What is the best way to get the best way to get the amounts of reactants and products?

____->____->____->____

It is the amount of product that would result if all the limiting reagent reacted.

Actual Yield       x 100

Theoretical Yield               

What formula is this?

It is a substance that is present in the smaller amounts of the solution

What is a solvent?

_____ is a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct elecctricity.

What is 100% dissociated into ions? A strong or weak electrolyte?

what does the following symbol mean?

------>

<-----

What type of electrolyte does NOT conduct electricity?

A non-electrolyte

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte?

HF

HCLO₄

H₂O

Which one of the following is a strong electrolyte?

NaCl

MgO

H₂SO₄

H₂SO₄

Choose the strong electrolyte(s)

Ba(OH)₂

HCl

HNO₃

Ionic Compounds

Two solutions on ionic compounds are mixed and a solid ionic substance(a precipitate) is formed.

Metathesis reaction is what?

What is a chemical equation in which the reactants and products are written as molecules or whole units?

It is a chemical equation in which the dissolved species are written as seperate ions in an aqueous solution.

If A⁺B^- + C⁺D- is the intial equation, what will the reaction be?

A Bronsted Acid must contain at least one what?

Which one, strong acids or weak acids, make strong electrolytes?

What is a Strong Base?

Neutralizatoin Reaction

Salt is an ionic compound whose cation comes from, where?

it comes from an acid

The Oxidation Number

they have an oxidation number of zero

What is usually the charge for Oxygen?

What about H₂O₂?

What about 0₂^2-

Usually the charge is -2

For peroxide it is -1

For Oxide it is -1

What do Group IA metals have as their oxidation charge?

+1

Group IIA metals are what oxidation charge?

What charge is always Flourine?

+2

-1

A + B ---> C

It is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product

A Decomposition Reaction

C ---> A + B

What is a Disproportionate Reaction?

It is a reaction in which an element in one oxidation state is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.

The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution is what?

Molarity =     moles of solute

                  liters of solution

what is this formula solving for?

Moles of solute

liters of solution

the molarity of a substance

it's answer is going to be in:  mol/L

What is this equation for?

M_iV_i = M_fV_f

Equilalence point

 A gas is a substance that exists @ what temperature?

@ 25^o C and 1 atm

What does a gas do to the volume of it's container?

Gases will not mix evenly and completely when confined to the same container?

True or False?

False

Gases will mix evenly and completely when confined to the same container.

Do gases have a much lower density than liquids or solids?

P=   Force

       Area

Force= mass x acceleration

1 pascal(Pa)

The pressure of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.

What is this?

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.

What law is this?

What unit is the highlighted section in?

Charles' Law

Kelvin:  (C^o + 273)

V₁ = V₂

T₁    T₂

BOTH!!! HAHA I TRICKED YOU!!!

you use the combined gas law

 wow...that was good!

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

T₁        T₂

At constant pressure and temperature, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present.

What law is this?

Avogadro's Laws

(Tip for remembering: it uses the thing that Avogadro was famous for)

V₁ = V₂

n₁    n₂

What is the formula for the ideal gas law?

What is the numerical value of R in PV = nRT?

R = .0821 L atm

               mol K

Density calculations are done by dividing PM by what?

d=  PM

       RT

Pressure x Molar Mass

       R(gas constant) x Temperature      

 D also = m/V

Show the formula for the Molar Mass of a Gaseous Substance.

What is the Symbol for Molar Mass?

M= dRT

     P

d is the density of the gas in g/L

M

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone.

State what the symbols of the following formula mean.

P_A = X_AP_T

P_A = Partial Pressure of Gas

X_A= mol fraction of Gas

P_T = Total Pressure

X_A = n_A / n_T

Could the first formula substitute for the second?

P_A = X_AP_T

P_A = ( n_A / n_T ) PT