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What is the job of enzymes? |
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Definition
They increase the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur |
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What is the substrate for ribozymes? |
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Definition
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Metallic cofactors perform what function in enzymatic reactions? |
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Definition
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What enzymes are always present in a cell at relatively constant amounts? |
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Definition
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Which molecule reacts with acetyl CoA, therefore starting the TCA cycle? |
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Definition
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What often controls enzyme repression? |
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Definition
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For the most part, what type of energy operates cell transactions? |
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Definition
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What is the most common electron carrier in biological systems? |
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Definition
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What statement describes why ATP is an unstable high-energy molecule? |
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Definition
The bond that joins the phosphate groups releases energy when it is broken |
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Term
What is the process by which ATP is formed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during the final phase of respiration? |
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Definition
Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
During the process of group translocation, glucose is brought into the cell and is chemically modified into what compound, which prevents it from leaving the cell? |
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Definition
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The NADH molecules generated during the single oxidation-reduction reaction in glycolysis will undergo further reactions in what pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
In glycolysis a net gain of two ATPs are generated by what process |
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Definition
Substrate level phosphorylation |
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Term
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
In aerobic respiration when is the first molecule of carbon dioxide released? |
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Definition
During the conversion step when pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl-CoA |
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Term
For each molecule of glucose that undergoes aerobic respiration, how many carbon dioxide molecules are released? |
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Definition
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Term
What is not a compound in the electron transport system? |
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Definition
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Term
The coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transport is known as what? |
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Definition
Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
What drives the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
Distribution of electric potential across a membrane |
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Term
What pathway is a significant intermediate source of pentoses for nucleic acid synthesis? |
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Definition
Hexose monophosphate shunt |
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Term
Which statement regarding fermentation is incorrect? |
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Definition
Glucose is completely oxidized |
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Term
The souring of milk is due to the production of what compound during fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is not a metabolic intermediate used in amphibolic pathways? |
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Definition
Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate |
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Term
Energy yeilding series of reactions |
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Definition
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Definition
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a nonprotein component of an active enzyme |
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Definition
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a measure of the rate of activity of an enzyme |
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Definition
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a protein portion of any enzyme, inactive without a cofactor. |
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Definition
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a group of enzymes that funtion as electron carries in respiration and photysynthesis |
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Definition
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a mechanism by which fatty acids are degraded |
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Definition
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changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme |
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Definition
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very similar in shape or chemistry to the normal enzyme substrate |
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Definition
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pyruvic acid accepts electrons and is turned into various end-products, such as lactic acid or ethanol |
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Definition
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Definition
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direct transfer of high energy phosphate from an organic substrate to adp molecue forming atp |
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Definition
substrate-level phosphorylation |
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Term
bacteria use oxygen substitutes such as nitrates |
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Definition
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Term
the final electron acceptor is oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
electrons are removed from an organic compound and are transferred by an electron transport chain to oxygen |
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Definition
oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
an electron is liberated from chlorophyll and passes down an electron transport chain |
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Definition
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Term
A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from nicotinic acid (niacin) |
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Definition
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Term
A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from riboflavin |
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Definition
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Term
In chemiosmosis protons can diffuse across a membrand only through special channels that contain this enyxme |
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Definition
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Term
Reaction by which pyruvic acid loses carbon dioxide to form an acetyl group |
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Definition
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Term
product of pyruvic acid processing enters tca cycle as a coenzyme |
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Definition
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Term
When an enzyme's active site is occupied at all times by substrate or product molecules, it is called |
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Definition
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Term
Cyanide is an example of a general type of inhibitor called |
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Definition
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sulfa drugs are an example of a type of inhibitor called |
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Definition
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Term
in____ phosphorylation, no oxygen or other inorganic final electron acceptor is required. |
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Definition
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Term
the amount of ATP yeild from aerobic respiration by a procaryote is ___ and by and Eucaryote is____ |
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Definition
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Term
The net yeild of ATP from glycolysis is __ |
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Definition
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The substance acted upon by an enzyme is called the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell is called a ____ pathway |
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Definition
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____ is the pathway that breaks down glucose to pyruvic acid |
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Definition
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Term
In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted to ______ this product can then enter the Krebs cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
DNA and RNA are mad up of repeating units called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
Lactic acid is produced as an end product |
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Definition
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Term
Two atp molecules are needed to begin the reaction |
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Definition
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Term
34 atp molecules are produced in this reaction |
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Definition
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
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Term
Oxygen must be present to produce ate (2answers) |
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Definition
Krebs cycle(tca cycle) and Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
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Term
NADH give up electrons to membrane proteins |
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Definition
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Term
There is a net gain of two ATP molecules in this reaction |
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Definition
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Term
NADH an FADH are produced in this reaction |
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Definition
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Term
General category of reactions that are biosynthetic and endergonic in nature |
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Definition
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Term
Glucose is catalyzed to pyruvic acid |
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Definition
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Term
Molecules of flavin mononucleotice, coenzyme Q and cytochome b are essential for this reaction |
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Definition
Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
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Term
Final electron acceptors are inorganic salts NO3, no2, co3 not oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
reactions in mitochondria of eucaryotes and in the cell membrane of bacteria |
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Definition
electron transprot chain and chemiosmosis |
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Term
Requires Atp synthase to pump h+ ions into cytoplasm |
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Definition
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
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Term
Hexokinase enzyme phosporylates glucose to begin this series of reactions |
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Definition
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Term
Gereral category of reactions that are degradative and exergoinc in nature |
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Definition
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Term
oxygens serves as the final electron acceptor |
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Definition
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
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