Term
| What did Alexius want the Roman Pope to do? |
|
Definition
| He wanted him to send some Knights to repel the Muslim invaders. |
|
|
Term
| What Pope first sent armed troops to the Holy Land to recover it from Muslim domination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Urban II send troops to the Holy Land? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Urban II’s central concern in the famous sermon he preached at Clermont? |
|
Definition
| His chief concern was the recovery and restoration of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. |
|
|
Term
| What did Urban II promise to every crusader who went to the Holy Land on Crusade? |
|
Definition
| He promised an indulgence granting them immediate access to heaven or at very least reduced time in purgatory. |
|
|
Term
| About how many people actually arrived in the Holy Land on the Crusade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did the Crusaders capture Jerusalem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long was Jerusalem in the hands of the Crusaders? |
|
Definition
| Until 1187, about 90 years. |
|
|
Term
| How many Crusades were there altogether? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What miracle did the character Stephen promise during the Children's Crusade? |
|
Definition
| He promised the sea would be parted and the Crusaders could walk to the Holy Land. |
|
|
Term
| What finally happened to the Crusaders in the Children's Crusade? |
|
Definition
| They were all lost. Some drowned at sea while others were kidnapped, murdered or sold as slaves. |
|
|
Term
| According to the Bible, who is the father of the Arab people? |
|
Definition
| Abraham through his son Ishmael |
|
|
Term
| Who is the undisputed founder of Islam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How was Muhammed supposed to have received the Qu’ran? |
|
Definition
| It was supposed to have been dictated to him by the angel Gabriel. |
|
|
Term
| How many suras are in the Qu’ran? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five pillars of Islam? |
|
Definition
| Confession of faith. Prayer. Tithing. Fasting. Pilgrimage. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two principal sects (denominations) in Islam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important Sunni country today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important Shia country today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was that originally divided the two sects of Islam? |
|
Definition
| They disagreed over who was the rightful heir to Muhammed. The Sunnis argued anyone properly experienced could succeed him. The Shias insisted the successor be related to Muhammed. |
|
|
Term
| Which is the of the two sects is larger? |
|
Definition
| Sunnis make up 80-90% of all Muslims. |
|
|
Term
| What is the holiest site in Islam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it the holiest site of Islam? |
|
Definition
| It is the site of the most holy shrine in Islam the Kaaba and it is the birthplace of Muhammed. |
|
|
Term
| What is the second holiest site in Islam? |
|
Definition
| The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem…where Muhammed ascended into Heaven accompanied by Gabriel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jihad is the Arabic word for struggle. In modern usage it is come to be associated with terroristic acts by Muslims in a desire to overthrow Western Christianity. |
|
|
Term
| What country in Europe was dominated my Muslims for almost 700 years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the Muslim advance into Europe stopped? Who stopped it? |
|
Definition
| The Battle of Tours 732 AD, Charles “the Hammer” Martel |
|
|
Term
| Why was Bernard of Clairvaux so concerned about monastic reform? |
|
Definition
| He was concerned about monastic reform because so many monasteries had become rich, fat, and happy. They had lost their love of service and of poverty, and they had lost their love of the Bible. |
|
|
Term
| What specific ability set Bernard apart? |
|
Definition
| His ability to preach and teach the Bible. |
|
|
Term
| Was Bernard able to read Greek or Hebrew? |
|
Definition
| No, he only read Latin but he had huge sections of the Bible and the Church Fathers memorized. |
|
|
Term
| Bernard’s influence was enduring. In particular, one reformation character was deeply affected by Bernard’s writing. Who was it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who wrote, Why the God Man? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Anselm’s chief concern in Why the God Man? |
|
Definition
| To argue for the satisfaction view of the atonement. |
|
|
Term
| What position did Anselm hold in the church? |
|
Definition
| Archbishop of Canterbury (England) |
|
|
Term
| When did the Great Schism start? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the French papacy located…what city? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the papacy come to stay in France? |
|
Definition
| The new French Popes appointed French Cardinals who in turn appointed other French Popes who did not return to Italy but stayed in France. |
|
|
Term
| How long did the Great Schism last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How was the Great Schism eventually settled? |
|
Definition
| At the Council of Constance, the Church deposed three popes and appointed a concilliar (a person to make peace) Pope. |
|
|
Term
| What else happened at the Council of Constance? |
|
Definition
| The Church passed sentence on the Czech Reformer John Huss and burned him at the stake. His chief crime was that he preached against indulgences and preached in Czech rather than in Latin. |
|
|
Term
| What nationality was Martin Luther? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What traumatic event caused Luther to become a monk? |
|
Definition
| He got caught in a terrible thunder storm and vowed to become a monk if delivered. |
|
|
Term
| What was his father's response to Luther becoming a monk? |
|
Definition
| He was furious. He thought it a terrible waste. |
|
|
Term
| To what religious order of monks did Martin Luther belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How old was Luther when he nailed the 95 Theses to the church door at Wittenburg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Luther's major concern covered in the 95 Theses? |
|
Definition
| His major concern was the abuse of indulgences. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the Dominican monk who became so notorious selling indulgences? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the date Luther posted the 95 Theses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the town where Luther lived and worked as a teacher of theology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Luther's boss at Wittenberg was named von Staupitz. What did von Staupitz force Luther to do against his will? |
|
Definition
| He forced him to teach Bible. |
|
|
Term
| What was the book of the New Testament that changed Luther's theology as he taught through it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Finally, Luther was called to the Diet of Worms under the Holy Roman Emperor. There he gave his most famous speech. What was it most famous line? |
|
Definition
| "Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen. |
|
|
Term
| After the Diet of Worms, Luther was kidnapped. By whom? |
|
Definition
| He was kidnapped by Frederick the Wise in an attempt to keep him alive. |
|
|
Term
| Where did Frederick hide him? What did Luther do there? How long was he there? |
|
Definition
| The Castle Wartburg. He translated the Bible into German. He was there two years. |
|
|
Term
| Luther got married in 1525. What was his wife's name? Where did she come from? |
|
Definition
| Katy von Bora. She was an ex-nun. |
|
|
Term
| Luther died when he was 63. Where was he buried? |
|
Definition
| He ws a buried at the foot of the pulpit in his church at Wittenberg. |
|
|
Term
| What area of doctrine was impacted by Luther's study of Romans? |
|
Definition
| It was the doctrine of justification. |
|
|
Term
| What nationality was John Calvin? |
|
Definition
| He was French although most of his ministry was conducted in Geneva Switzerland. |
|
|
Term
| How old was Calvin when he wrote his first book? What was the book? |
|
Definition
| He was 22. He wrote a commentary on the Roman philosopher Seneca. |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of Calvin's most famous book? |
|
Definition
| The Institutes of the Christian Religion |
|
|
Term
| How old was Calvin when he wrote the Institutes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To whom is the forward of the Institutes written? |
|
Definition
| It is addressed to the King of France. |
|
|
Term
| Why did Calvin have to flee Paris for his life? |
|
Definition
| He had helped a friend, Nicolas Cop, write his inagural address as the Rector of the University of Paris. It was evangelical in tone and the Catholics decided to kill them both. |
|
|
Term
| What does the term "institutes" mean in Calvin's title? |
|
Definition
| It means something like the "basics." So the Institutes of the Christian Religion means something like "The Basics of Christianity." |
|
|
Term
| Why did Calvin write the Institutes? |
|
Definition
| He wrote to defend the Reformation and its theology. He did that because so many of his friends were being killed and persecuted for the gospel. |
|
|
Term
| Why did Calvin detour to pass through Geneva on his way to Strassbourg? |
|
Definition
| A war was blocking the road to Strassbourg. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the Reformer in Geneva that pressured Calvin to stay and help with the work there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was it that got Calvin and Farel in trouble at Geneva? |
|
Definition
| They tried to initiate a measure of church discipline. |
|
|
Term
| When Calvin and Farel were fired at Geneva, where did Calvin go? |
|
Definition
| He went on to Strassbourg where he became a pastor to the French refugees there. |
|
|
Term
| What else happened to Calvin at Strassbourg? |
|
Definition
| He got married to Idelette de Bure. |
|
|
Term
| How long were Calvin and Idelette married? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened to Idelette's first husband? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many children did Calvin and his wife have? |
|
Definition
| One. His name was Jacque and he was born prematurely and died after only afew weeks. |
|
|
Term
| What led to Calvin going back to Geneva? |
|
Definition
| he was asked to write a letter of response to Cardinal Sadoleto who had written a letter to the genevans trying to ge tthem to come back to the catholic Church. |
|
|
Term
| Did Calvin want to go back to Geneva? |
|
Definition
| No, he thought of it as hell on earth. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the controversial character burned at the stake in Geneva? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Servetus' crime? |
|
Definition
| He was a heretic..that is, he was anti-Trinitarian. |
|
|
Term
| Did Calvin want him to die at the stake? |
|
Definition
| No. Calvin tried to persuade him to stay away and then he tried to persuade the city council to simply hang him. He was outvoted. |
|
|
Term
| What form of church government did Calvin push? |
|
Definition
| He pushed for a presbyterian form of governement...elder rule. |
|
|
Term
| What was Calvin's preferred method of preaching? |
|
Definition
| Calvin preached straight through the text...expositionally. |
|
|
Term
| Calvin had one other big blowup during his time in Geneva? It was with a group called the Libertines? What ws the conflict? |
|
Definition
| The were a bunch of immoral agitators and Calvin forbade them from coming to the Lord's Table while they were engaged in so much immorality. |
|
|
Term
| Why do people think of Calvin as the dictator of Geneva? |
|
Definition
| Mainly because they hate the doctrine of predestination often associated with Calvin. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Bible called that Calvin's followers added notes and study helps to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lot's of refugees came to Geneva. Who was the most famous English speaking refugee to come there? |
|
Definition
| John Knox. Knox later became a a pastor to the English speaking refugees in Geneva. |
|
|
Term
| What was Knox's view of Geneva? |
|
Definition
| He called it the most perfect school of Christ ever since the time of the apostles. |
|
|
Term
| What nationality was Knox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Knox's original training? |
|
Definition
| He was trained as a Catholic priest. |
|
|
Term
| Under whose influence did Knox become a Protestant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Knox's later relationship to Wishart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Later, Wishart was taken prisoner and burned at the stake. Who was responsible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the Protestant nobles respond to what Cardinal Beaton did? |
|
Definition
| They broke into his castle at Saint Andrews, murdered him, and then mutilated his body. |
|
|
Term
| Later St. Andrews was surrounded and attacked. By whom was it attacked? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the Protestants inside St. Andrews surrendered, they expected to go free. What happened instead? |
|
Definition
| They were made galley slaves. |
|
|
Term
| How long did Knox serve as a galley slave before being set free. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After Knox was freed from the galleys, he went to another country. What country was it? |
|
Definition
| England. He wound becoming a a chaplain to Edward VI. |
|
|
Term
| What event caused Knox to have to flee England? |
|
Definition
| Edward died and Bloody Mary became Queen. |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the book Knox wrote against Bloody Mary? |
|
Definition
| The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Mounstrous Regiment of Women |
|
|
Term
| Was Knox against all women rulers? |
|
Definition
| He was definitely against Mary because she was killing so many Protestants but yes probably. At least Elizabeth thought so. |
|
|
Term
| When Knox fled England, where did he go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Knox later wrote the Scottish Confession of Faith. What did it directly influence? |
|
Definition
| The Westminster Confession of Faith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a question and answer form for learning doctrine and theology. |
|
|
Term
| What is the very funny definition of Puritanism attributed to H.L. Mencken. |
|
Definition
| Puritanism is the haunting fear that somebody, somewhere might be happy. |
|
|
Term
| Why were the Pilgrims called separating Puritans? |
|
Definition
| They did not believe the Church of England could be saved and wanted to split from it altogether. |
|
|
Term
| Why were the other Puritans considered non-separating? |
|
Definition
| They didn't actually want to split from the Church of England. Instead they wanted to reform it and get rid of any remaining Catholic influence. |
|
|
Term
| What were some of the things the Puritans wanted to reform in the Church of England? |
|
Definition
| 1.) They didn't want priests to wear vestments. 2.) They didn't want people kneeling at communion 3.) They didn't want to use a prayer book. 4.) They wanted elder rule. |
|
|
Term
| When Charles I tried to overthrow Parliament (ruled by the Puritans) a Civil War started. What happened? |
|
Definition
| Charles lost and was beheaded. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector. |
|
|
Term
| After Cromwell died, Charles II was called back to be king. What happened to the Puritans? |
|
Definition
| They were kicked out of the Church of England. Many came ot America. |
|
|
Term
| Who were the three original members of the "Holy Club" that so influenced the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| John and Charles Wesley, and George Whitefield |
|
|
Term
| What denomination where the Wesleys and Whitefield originally? |
|
Definition
| They were Anglican or Church of England |
|
|
Term
| What nationality were the Wesley's and Whitefield? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For what is John Wesley most known? |
|
Definition
| He is known for being a relentless evangelist riding some 250,000 miles on horseback and preaching 40,000 sermons. He is also known as the founder of the Methodist Church. |
|
|
Term
| For what is Charles Wesley most known? |
|
Definition
| He is most known for poetry and hymn writing. |
|
|
Term
| About how many hymns did Charles Wesley write? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How large were the crowds that Wesley and more especially Whitefield drew? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| John Newton is known for writing one of the great hymns of the church. Which hymn did he write? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Newton make a living before becoming a Christian pastor. |
|
Definition
| He was the Captain of a slave trading ship |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the ship Newton commanded? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What great social stand did William Wilberforce make? |
|
Definition
| He opposed slavery in the British Empire and defeated it. |
|
|
Term
| Wilberforce had a severe stomach ailment that caused him to become addicted to what drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Parliament finally outlaw slavery altogether? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the most famous pastor/preacher in America during the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Jonathan Edward's wife's name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of Edward's most famous sermon? |
|
Definition
| Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
|
|
Term
| What was the scriptural passage underlying Edward's famous sermon? |
|
Definition
| Deuternonomy 32...Their foot shall slip in due time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He got fired because he refused to baptize the infant children of of couples who had grown up in his church but had never made a profession of faith. |
|
|
Term
| What did Edwards do when his church fired him? |
|
Definition
| He became a missionary to the Indians. |
|
|
Term
| Edwards most famous book was a biography. What was its title and who was it about? |
|
Definition
| The Life of David Brainerd. Brainerd was Edward's son in law. |
|
|
Term
| After serving among the Indians Edwards was asked to be the President of a new college. Which school was it? |
|
Definition
| The College of New Jersey...later called Princeton |
|
|
Term
| Edwards service there was very short. Why? |
|
Definition
| He took a vaccination for smallpox which turned into smallpox and killed him |
|
|
Term
| What conclusion do historians draw about the Great Schism and John Wycliffe's life? |
|
Definition
| Most scholars agree that is the Great Schism had not been going on during Wycliffe's life, he would have definitely been burned at the stake. |
|
|
Term
| In what century did John Wycliffe live and do his Bible translation? |
|
Definition
| Late 14th Century...late 1300's. |
|
|
Term
| On what text did John Wycliffe case his translation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was originally responsible for producing the Vulgate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Jerome produce the Vulgate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Something dreadful happened to almost all of Europe in 1348. The dreadful thing that happened killed almost half of the people in Europe. What was it that happened? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wycliffe served as a rector the last ten years of his life. What's a rector? Where did he serve? |
|
Definition
| It's a pastor; Lutterworth. |
|
|
Term
| Wycliffe's followers were known as...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were they known as Lollards? |
|
Definition
| They often preached and sand psalms to their listeners. They did in English. The word "Lollard" probably means something like "singer." Some people think the word comes from the same root word that lullaby comes from. |
|
|
Term
| How were the Lollards treated? |
|
Definition
| The common people loved them. The authorities both church and state hated them. |
|
|
Term
| How many Lollards were burned at the stake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was a Catholic Priest preaching in the city of Prague in the Czech Republic. |
|
|
Term
| What does the word "Huss" mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the church Where John Huss ministered in Prague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was Huss imprisoned and killed? |
|
Definition
| He was imprisoned and killed because he preached in the vernacular and because he opposed indulgences. |
|
|
Term
| In what century does Wycliffe occur? |
|
Definition
| He's late 1300's or late fourteenth century. |
|
|
Term
| In what century does Huss occur? |
|
Definition
| Huss was early 1400's or early fifteenth century. |
|
|
Term
| In what century does Tyndale appear? |
|
Definition
| Tyndale occurs in the early 's or early sixteenth century. |
|
|
Term
| What is Tyndale famous for? |
|
Definition
| He is famous for the first printed translation of the Bible in English. |
|
|
Term
| Who was King of England during Tyndale's work and ministry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On what text did Tyndale base his translation? |
|
Definition
| He based it on older Greek NT manuscripts and Hebrew OT manuscripts. |
|
|
Term
| Where did Tyndale attend school? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What famous quote is attributed to Tyndale during an argument with a priest? |
|
Definition
| If God spares my life, ere many years pass, I will cause a boy that driveth the plow shall know more of Scripture than thou dost. |
|
|
Term
| From whom did Tyndale seek permission to translate the Bible into English? |
|
Definition
| The Bishop of London, Bishop Tunstall |
|
|
Term
| Who was the man that betrayed Tyndale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was Tyndale imprisoned? |
|
Definition
| Vilvoorde Castle near Brussels |
|
|
Term
| Who was the man that finished up Tyndale's translation of the Bible after Tyndale's death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ostraca is usually a piece of pottery of flat stone or clay on which words were written. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a crude paper made of pressed strips of reeds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parchment is a heavy-duty writing material made of leather that had been cleaned of its hair and sanded smooth. |
|
|
Term
| When did the Second Great Awakening occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the principal leader of the 2nd Great Awakening begin in the eastern part of the United States? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To whim was Timothy Dwight related? How was he related to him? |
|
Definition
| Jonathan Edwards. He was his grandson. |
|
|
Term
| Who led the camp meeting at Cane Ridge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Barton Stone's denominational affiliation early on in 2nd Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Stone's denominational affiliation later on after the 2nd Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were the Presbyterians unable to keep up with the westward expansion of the country? |
|
Definition
| They insisted their pastors have an advanced degree. |
|
|
Term
| What was the principle difference between the First and Second Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| The First Great Awakening was more God-centered thanthe Second Great Awakening. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the two awakening lasted the longest in terms of duration? |
|
Definition
| The Second Great Awakening lasted much longer thanthe First Great Awakening. |
|
|
Term
| What were the chief contributing factors to the spiritual decline in the United States prior to the 2nd Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| alcoholism, lust for land, and bad theology |
|
|
Term
| The 2nd Great Awakening centered around two different colleges in the east, Hampton-Sydney College in Virginia and Yale in Connecticut. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At one camp meeting, the meeting at Gaspar River, camp leaders were shocked when 8,000 people showed up. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest and most famous camp meeting of all was the camp meeting held at the Natchez Trace. Some 25,000 people showed up. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 2nd Great Awakening followed the great expansion westward after the Louisiana Purchase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Cane Ridge revival took place in what year? |
|
Definition
|
|
