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| Piece of unleavened bread set aside to be eaten at the end of Passover meal. |
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| "Lore"; that part of the oral Torah which contains expositions of biblical texts, theologies, philosophies, and stories related to Jewish life. |
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| Ruler of Syria who tried to force Jews to assume Hellenistic ways. |
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| Jews who come from Europe, especially eastern Europe. |
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| "Son of the commandment"; boy's attainment of adulthood at age 13 and his obligation to keep the Jewish law. He is called up in the synagogue to read from the Torah. |
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| "Daughter of the commandment"; ritual for 12 year old girls such as Bar Mitzvah. |
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| The world outside Israel. |
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| Commentary by later rabbis on issues raised in the Mishnah. |
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| Religious divorce obtainable only at the request of the husband. |
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| The ritual retelling of the story of Passover during the seder meal. |
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| That part of the oral Torah which is law. |
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| Light festival celebrating victory over the Hellenization program of Antiochus IV. |
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| Members of a mystical Jewish movement that emerged in eastern Europe in the 18th century which focuses on the love of and a personal relationship with God. |
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| "The great Hosanna"; 7th day of Succoth. Prayers are said for a good harvest cycle. |
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| Prayer reflecting God's greatness and triumph; recited by mourners at prayer services during period of mourning. |
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| "Writings"; third portion of Jewish Bible. |
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| Circular head covering worn by males. |
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| Prayer said on eve of Yom Kippur asking God forgiveness for breaking vows. |
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| "Fit"; food which Jews are permitted to eat. |
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| Scroll read during celebration of Purim, retelling story of Esther. |
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| Candelabrum, 7-branched version was one of the temple furnishings and today symbolizes Israel on its national seal; the 9-branched version is specifically used to commemorate Hanukkah, 8 of the candles symbolizing the 8 days of the festival and the 9th traditionally being used to light the others. |
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| Parchment containing 2 paragraphs of Shema placed in small box affixed to doorpost. |
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| Portion of oral tradition not incorporated into Gemara. Recorded separately. |
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| Ten males (or males and females) required for certain prayers. |
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| The written compilation of what had been oral halacha (law). |
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| Opponents of Hasidim who emphasized on learning tradition rather than emotion. |
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| The person who performs the ritual of circumcision. |
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| "Prophets"; 2nd part of the Jewish Bible. |
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| Spring festival celebrating the salvation of the people of Israel when the angel of death passed over Israel's firstborn in Egypt, as well as Israel's ultimate deliverance from bondage. |
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| Organized riots resulting in murder of Jews and robbing of homes and possessions. |
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| Spring festival celebrating deliverance of Jews in the days of Queen Esther. |
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| Spiritual head of a Hasidic community. |
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| Festival celebrating the new year. |
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| Jews who have come from Spain or Arab lands. |
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| "Hear"; name for Israel's fundamental confession of faith found in Deut. 6:4. |
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| 8th day of assembly following Succoth, when prayers for rain are said. |
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| 7 days period of mourning by relatives of the deceased in the home. |
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| Ram's horn sounded 100 times on Rosh Hashanah and again to end Yom Kippur. |
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| "Rejoicing of the Torah"; celebration of the conclusion and recommencement of the Torah reading cycle which takes place on Shemini Atzeret. |
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| Feast of Tabernacles, commemorating divine protection of Israel during her wanderings in the wilderness. |
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| "Tabernacle"; booth constructed of 3 walls and partial roof in which families should partake of meals and may sleep during the celebration of Succoth. |
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| Mishnah plus Gemara; foundational writings of Orthodox Jewish life. |
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| Name for Jewish Bible (our Old Testament). 3 parts: Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim. |
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| Symbolically casting sins into flowing water, performed on Rosh Hashanah. |
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| 2 leather boxes worn on the arm and forehead at weekday morning prayers. |
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| Pentateuch, or 1st 5 books of the Tanak. |
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| Fringes on the prayer shawl or undershirt which remind one of the commandments. |
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| Movement to establish a Jewish state in the land of Israel. |
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