Term
Though a religion of "law" Judaism as a whole is nevertheless diverse. What are two foundational reasons for this diversity? |
|
Definition
no single founder and no central leader or group making theological decisions |
|
|
Term
What Christians call the "Old Testament" Jews refer to as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
"Torah" specificially refers to what part? What are the other sections? |
|
Definition
5 books of Moses. Writings and Prophets |
|
|
Term
When does God call Abraham? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When does Moses lead the Hebrew slaves from Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When is the Babylonian exile/destruction of the first temple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When is the second temple destroyed, and by whom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHen is the modern state of Israel founded? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Certain stories from the Bible were commonly read, but which ones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Recurring theme in the Jewish experience, what is it? |
|
Definition
Exile, they were exiled from their spiritual home and continued to seek to return to it |
|
|
Term
What is the key term that describes the relationship of the Jewish people to God? What does the term mean in terms of how the relationship is understood? |
|
Definition
Covenant, contract that they are both accountable and give and take with other |
|
|
Term
What procedure does Abraham undergo, as a physical sign of the covenant with God? |
|
Definition
example of obedience to God's commands and they must undergo circumcision, it's an initiation rite for men |
|
|
Term
What does the word "Israel" actually mean in hebrew? |
|
Definition
"the one who struggled with God" |
|
|
Term
The "Exodus" refers to waht basic event and what key Jewish leader as described in the bible? |
|
Definition
Moses was chosen by God to defy the Pharaoh to lead people out of bondage out of Egypt |
|
|
Term
What letters are typically used to render God's name, and how should one pronounce it? |
|
Definition
too sacred to pronounce it, YHWH or YHVH |
|
|
Term
What was the "Ark of the Covenant"? Where does it end up? |
|
Definition
portable tabernacle with a holy ark to keep the stone tablets on which God inscribed the 10 commandments on it, Jerusalem |
|
|
Term
Who is Israel's greatest king? |
|
Definition
David, the second king of Israel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does the word "diaspora" mean? |
|
Definition
living beyond their traditional homeland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sadducees: preist and wealthy business people Pharisees: liberal citizens, study the Torah Essences: males dressed in all white, avoid luxury, ritual purity Zealots: anit-Roman militias |
|
|
Term
Which group was connected to the "Dead Sea Scrolls"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is "apocalyptic" literature? |
|
Definition
sees the world in stark terms of good and evil. God's victory over evil and urges people to live righteous lives |
|
|
Term
What is "rabbi"? What are the basic functions of a rabbi? Is a rabbi a kind of priest? |
|
Definition
inheritors of the Pharisee, they are founders of rabbinic Judaism. they are teachers, religious decision makers, and creators of liturgical prayer. And it is not a type of priest anymore |
|
|
Term
What is the root meaning of "synagogue"? |
|
Definition
"meeting places"read the Torah and worship communally, song, and readings |
|
|
Term
What is "minyan" and how many men are required for one? |
|
Definition
quorum of ten adult males and must be present for community worship |
|
|
Term
Women's role and limitations in the Jewish religion. |
|
Definition
excluded from formal Torah study, keep strict dietary laws, prepare for Sabbath day, teach children the 10 commandments |
|
|
Term
What is the process of studying Hebrew scriptures called? |
|
Definition
Midrash. 2 interpretations (halakhah-proper conduct) (haggadah-sermons non legal teachings) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vast compendium of law. Jerusalem Talmud-spiritual practice Babylonian Talmud-encyclopedia of the Torah |
|
|
Term
What is the Hebrew term for "God's presence in the world"? This presence is characterized as which gender? |
|
Definition
Shekhinah-femminine noun that often represents the nurturing aspect of God. (radiant, winged presence) |
|
|
Term
How did Jewish communities fare in the Middle Ages in countries with Islamic rule? |
|
Definition
treated relatively well pay a substantial head tax if they run autonomously. "People of the Book" |
|
|
Term
What motivated so much Christian anti-Semitism against Jews in the middle ages? |
|
Definition
because Jesus was a Jew his people never accepted Christian claims that he was Messiah |
|
|
Term
Did the Crusades lessen or increase anti-Jewish hostility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What happened to the Jews in 1492 in Spain? |
|
Definition
forced to leave because they were blamed for the plague, they were either killed or forced out of of countries |
|
|
Term
In the 1500s the Christians forced the Jews to live in what? |
|
Definition
ghettos-special Jewish living quarters-walled in and locked at night to separate the Jews from mixing with the Christians |
|
|
Term
What is the word for the esoteric, mystical Jewish traditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does the term tikkun olam mean? |
|
Definition
repairing the world-relationship between God and humans as a covenantal one |
|
|
Term
What is the main distinguishing feature of Hasidism? |
|
Definition
ecstatic piety- feel the spirit, joy, mysticism, connecting to the Divine |
|
|
Term
Within Hasidism, who is a tzaddick? |
|
Definition
enlightened saint and teacher-Rebbe when ordained a Haisdic spiritual guide |
|
|
Term
What is the difference between Orthodox and Reform Judaism? |
|
Definition
traditional vs. new movement separate from non-Jews |
|
|
Term
Roughly how many Jews were systematically exterminated by the Nazis during the Holocaust? |
|
Definition
six million European Jews |
|
|
Term
What is basic vision of "Zionism"? |
|
Definition
Jewish movement dedicated to the establishment of a politically viable internationally recognized Jewish |
|
|
Term
Did (do) all Jews support Zionism? If not, why not? |
|
Definition
not all Jews did, the reforms did not, orthodox did because reforms felt God had punished state them for unfaithfulness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monotheism-one creator "cause of all existent things" |
|
|
Term
The "essential commandment" for humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
celebrate the body, common descendants of the first man and woman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be faithful to the divine and will fulfill the purposes of creation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
special deep bath structure by women symbolizing their altered state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
men, phylacteries, small leather boxes containing biblical versess about the covenant with God-on the forehead and upper arm |
|
|
Term
When does the Sabbath begin and end for Jews? |
|
Definition
sunset friday night-sunday saturday night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
special braided bread-symbol of the double portions of manna in dessert |
|
|
Term
What is a shofar, and what Holy Day is it associated with? |
|
Definition
rams horn that produces an eery, unearthly blast-to know that you are standing before God. Happens 30 days prior to Rosh Hashanah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New Year's Day spiritual renewal in remembrance of the original creation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
completes the High Holy Days-Day of atonement and cleansing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fall Harvest Festival-outdoor bath ritual act to gain a deeper experience |
|
|
Term
What historical event does Hanukkah commemorate? |
|
Definition
celebration of the victory of the Maccabean rebellion against the non-Jew practice on Jews |
|
|
Term
What even more ancient, and foundational, event does Passover (Pesach) commemorate? |
|
Definition
celebrates the liberation from bondage in Egypt and springtime advent of new life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unleavened bread (matzah) remember urgency of the departure, bitter herbs-slavery |
|
|
Term
What are two reforms of Judaism pursued by Jewish feminists? |
|
Definition
-liturgical issues-changing language to gender neutral, gender inclusive terms -same sex weddings-expand their perspective to consider global problems-threats and violence and ecological disasters |
|
|