Term
| What is the Bible? What is the Jewish Bible called? |
|
Definition
Sacred writings of Judaism and Christianity
Jewish Bible: Tanak (Torah-Law, Nevi'im-Prophets, Ketuvim-Writings) |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between Genesis 1 and Enuma Elish? |
|
Definition
Similarities: Tiamat is split in two to create heaven and earth, Marduk places lights in the sky to mark the passage of time
Differences: EE has many gods, power is not assumed, and humans are made as helpers to the gods, while in Genesis 1 there is only one God and humans are created in God's image to fill earth and make use of it
Means that the author of Genesis 1 was familiar with EE but wanted to make clear that their God was different |
|
|
Term
| What does Genesis 1 say about who God is? |
|
Definition
| All-powerful, makes human in his image, known as Elohim, comes from PRIESTLY SOURCE |
|
|
Term
| What does Genesis 2 say about who God is? |
|
Definition
| Anthropomorphic description of God; he molds and breathes life, walks beside humans, referred to as four dots (Lord), YAHWIST SOURCE |
|
|
Term
| How is Genesis 1-11 different from Genesis 12-50? |
|
Definition
Genesis 1-11: PRIMEVAL HISTORY (creation story, humanity)
Genesis 12-50: PATRIARCHAL HISTORY (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph) |
|
|
Term
| Why did God choose Abraham? |
|
Definition
| Unmerited selection- Abraham didn't do anything special and wasn't likely to have children. Was the only man in his area that rejected many gods to worship. |
|
|
Term
| What did God promise Abraham? |
|
Definition
| Land and Children--Later adds, Slavery and the Exodus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When God tells Abraham to sacrifice Isaac after he has waited so long to have a son. Abraham goes to sacrifice Isaac and God stops him at the last moment and has him sacrifice a ram instead--proves Abraham's faith in God. |
|
|
Term
| How does the New Testament book of Hebrews explain Abraham's willingness to sacrifice Isaac? |
|
Definition
| Abraham believed in resurrection--that God could bring Isaac back from the dead & it served as an example of faith |
|
|
Term
| Why do Abraham's descendants end up in Egypt? |
|
Definition
Isaac--Jacob--Joseph
Joseph was a favorite son and his jealous brothers sold him into slavery (to Ishmaelites) on the way to Egypt. He rose to prominence in Egypt, predicted a famine & Egypt prepared. When the famine came, Jacob and his sons come to Egypt for food and are reunited. |
|
|
Term
| Why did God speak to Moses at the burning bush? |
|
Definition
| To free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and bring them out of Egypt. |
|
|
Term
| What Jewish holiday is related to the tenth plague and celebrates God's saving the Israelites from slavery in Egypt? |
|
Definition
| PASSOVER- 10th plague; death of the first-born, except for Israelites, who put the blood of a sacrificial lamb on their door |
|
|
Term
| Give two examples of God fighting as a warrior on behalf of the Israelites. |
|
Definition
| In Egypt--the plagues, and parting the Red Sea. In the Battle of Jericho, he told everyone to march around the wall seven times and they would win the battle. |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between the law given at Sinai and an Ancient Near Eastern vassal treaty? |
|
Definition
| The description of the transmission of the law--on a mountain, only Moses was allowed to go, God gave him the Law and told him to transmit it to the people |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Israelites wander in the wilderness for forty years? |
|
Definition
| It was punishment for their doubt in God--they thought they would not be able to conquer Canaanites because they were huge. Only Joshua and Caleb are allowed into this kingdom |
|
|
Term
| According to the book of Judges, why did the Lord leave the other peoples (nations) in the land? |
|
Definition
| To test the people by giving them alternatives to living under his Law. |
|
|
Term
| According to Deuteronomy, what do the Israelites have to do to keep the land? |
|
Definition
| Keep the Law (10 Commandments), live in love for God and worship him as the only God |
|
|
Term
| What does the word "messiah" mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When David wants to build the temple, what does God say to David through the prophet Nathan? |
|
Definition
| You do not have to build a house for me, but I will build a house for you--build the dynasty of the house of David |
|
|
Term
| What are the political and theological explanations for the division of Israel into two kingdoms? |
|
Definition
Political: Solomon was a task-taker and his son was guaranteed to be even worse. (Giving large taxes)
Theological: Solomon worshipped another god/gods |
|
|
Term
| What are the political and theological explanations for the fall of the Northern Kingdom? |
|
Definition
Political: Northern kingdom didn't want to pay tribute to Assyria, Assyria took over
Theological: they were not loyal to God/did not follow the Law/customs he prescribed |
|
|
Term
| What happened during the reign of Josiah? |
|
Definition
| Discovered the Book of Law (early version of the book of Deuteronomy), got rid of unnecessary adornments in temples, god rid of other altars that weren't true to God, celebrated Passover for the first time since period of the judges |
|
|
Term
| Who conquered the Babylonians and sent the Jews back to Israel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Isaiah say, "in the wilderness prepare the way of the Lord"? |
|
Definition
| Prepare for the journey back to Israel after their Exile by the Babylonians |
|
|
Term
| When does the Second Temple Period end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spread of Jews after their Exile--some of them returned to Israel, some stayed in Egypt, but some spread and never returned to Israel |
|
|
Term
| On Wednesday we examined two different responses to the Seleucid rule of Judea. What are they? |
|
Definition
1. Daniel: wanted to wait for God to save them and continue whatever practices they could
2. Maccabees: wanted to overthrow Seleucid rule to live in abidance with the covenant of their ancestors |
|
|
Term
| What did non-Jews during the Second Temple Period know about Jewish customs? |
|
Definition
| They knew about Sabbath, dietary restrictions, Jewish holidays, circumcision, and that they do not have idols. |
|
|
Term
| The members of the Qumran Community were likely part of which group of Jews? |
|
Definition
| Essenes (There were Sadducees, Pharisees, Zealots, and Essenes) |
|
|
Term
| What are the Dead Sea Scrolls and why are they important? |
|
Definition
| Biblical scrolls (older than the bible) and non-biblical scrolls (law: covenant with God, commentary on the Bible, prayers, liturgies, calendar) |
|
|
Term
| What two groups interpreted Isaiah 40:3 in reference to their own times? |
|
Definition
| Qumran Community and Early Christians (still a sect of Judaism at this point) |
|
|
Term
| What did the Jews of Jesus' time expect a royal messiah would do? What kind of messiah was Jesus? |
|
Definition
| A royal messiah would conquer Romans, establish Jewish independence, and restore the Davidic dynasty. Jesus was a suffering messiah, had to suffer and die and be resurrected. |
|
|
Term
| How many gospels are in the New Testament and why do they sometimes disagree with each other? |
|
Definition
| There are 4 gospels. They disagree because they were written by different people, who were not likely to have been eyewitnesses, and two of them don't mention the crucifixion or resurrection. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the Synoptic Problem, Markan Priority, and the Two-Source Solution. |
|
Definition
SYNOPTIC PROBLEM: Matthew, Mark and Luke have almost the same wording/order of passages, so they might have been plagiarized.
MARKAN PRIORITY: Most scholars agree that Mark was the first gospel, because it is the shortest and Matthew and Luke use the same information and expand.
TWO-SOURCE SOLUTION: Mark was written by one author, and Matthew and Luke were probably written by the same author (Q?). |
|
|
Term
| What is the historical Jesus and what challenges do scholars face in constructing the historical Jesus? |
|
Definition
| The historical Jesus is what scholars have been able to put together of what actually happened in Jesus' time. Challenges: there are only accounts of what Jesus did for max 3-4 years of his life, the sequence of events depended on the gospel writer, and there is no guarantee these were the actual words of Jesus |
|
|
Term
| What obstacles appear to stand in the way of God's promises to Abraham being fulfilled? |
|
Definition
| (1) Abraham is 75 years old and Sarai is barren. (2) Abraham has son with Hagar, but God tells him that it will be fulfilled by Sarai (2) When Abraham goes to Egypt, he has to pretend Sarah is his sister so pharaoh doesn't kill him to take her (3) He has to do this again with another pharaoh |
|
|
