Term
| Richmond Newspaper v. Virginia |
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Definition
| the courts ruled that the public and the press have a constitutional right to attend trials |
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Term
| Do citizens have the constitutional right of access BEYOND proceedings in the courts? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do journalists gain access to government records? |
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Definition
| They depend on statutes (they are not constitutionally given the right) |
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Term
| Does the First Amendment guarantee the public or the press the right to obtain information? (1st principal) |
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Definition
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Term
| Do journalists have greater rights of access to information? (2nd principal) |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the public's need for access determined? (3rd principal) |
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Definition
| It is balanced against sometimes conflicting social needs. |
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Term
| Does the first amendment give the press more access to prisons than the general public? |
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Definition
| No; prisons and war zones are not accessible to the general public or journalists. |
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Term
| How do journalists report about troops in foreign countries? |
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Definition
| Journalists covering news in foreign countries usually need permission from the host government. |
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Term
| Who has authority over journalists covering wars involving US troops? |
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Definition
| They are subject to the constitutional authority of the US president as commander in chief of the military. |
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Term
| In _______, military officials and executives of a major news organization agreed to a set of _____ principals for media coverage of military. |
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Definition
1992; 9
*classified info not to be disclosed to press |
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Term
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Definition
a policy stating that records are open to any person
no reason needed to request or receive unless requester seeks a fee waiver |
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Term
| Federal Freedom of Information Act |
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Definition
| requires federal agencies to provide any person access to records, both paper and electronic, that do not fit one of the nine exempt categories. |
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Term
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Definition
| a bipartisan effort to increase public access to federal documents |
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Term
| Presidential direction of FOIA |
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Definition
wants transparency and open gov.
gov. info should be disclosed |
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Term
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Definition
| any executive dept., miltary dept., gov. corporation, gov. controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch, or any independent regulatory agency |
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Term
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Definition
include most information that functions as a record of gov. activity and can be reproduced
(any format, including electronic)
physical items cannot be records |
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Term
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Definition
ANY PERSON may submit a request for a federal record
(includes foreigners, media companies, etc.)
**cannot consider the purpose when deciding whether to disclose records |
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Term
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Definition
| mandates that agencies respond to requests promptly and requires only commercial users of the act to pay full search and copying cost |
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Term
| Can denials of FOIA requests be appealed? |
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Definition
| Yes; 20-day response deadline (if no response in 20 days, person may file a complaint in federal district court |
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Term
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Definition
| the judicial examination of documents |
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Term
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Definition
1. little obligation for agency to search (no programming or new records required)
2. records might be provided in format requested
3. agencies do not have to provide indexes and descriptions of records |
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Term
| Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) |
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Definition
| students may withhold private information, including "directory information" |
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Term
| How does FERPA protect educational records? |
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Definition
permits students over 18 or parents to see and correct their "educational records"
prohibits educational institutions from releasing educational records to public |
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Term
| Are schools permitted by FERPA to release directory info? |
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Definition
| Yes, unless students object. |
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Term
| Does UGA have to contact students about FERPA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does FERPA allow injured students to sue the university? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protects from disclosure a very wide array of info in personnel, medical and similar files that if released would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy |
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Term
| Exemption No. 7 (Law Enforcement) |
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Definition
permits the gov. to withhold info compiled for law enforcement purposes
allows info to be withheld if disclosure would interfere with law enforcement investigations, disclose identities, etc... |
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Term
| Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press |
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Definition
| court ruled that FBI "rap sheets" on private individuals are exempt from disclosure even though much of the info found on the sheets can be found in public records in police stations |
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Term
| Why did the court rule that the info could be withheld in Justice v. Reporters? |
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Definition
because the government's computerized database of rap sheets was private because in effect the facts and incidents from which it was compiled were private
it was hard to locate |
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Term
| National Archives v. Favish |
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Definition
extended privacy rights under exemption 7 to living relatives of dead
required plaintiff seeking photos of a suicide scene
would reveal "what the gov. is up to" and provide evidence of gov. misconduct |
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