Term
|
Definition
-The transmission of a message from source to a receiver
-creates culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interpersonal communication-ch.1 |
|
Definition
| shows no clearly identifiable source or receiver, message is encoded then decoded, has no feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transformed into an understandable sign and symbol system= speaking, writing, printing, and filming a tv show |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-To interpret a message
-signs and symbols are interpreted= listening, reading, or watching a tv show |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anything that interferes with successful communication
-biases that lead to incorrect decoding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-means of sending information, media as a technology that carries info to a large number of people
-mass medium/media- basis of a giant industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process of creating shared meaning b/w mass media and audiences(schramm)
-has many identical messages |
|
|
Term
| inferential feedback-ch.1 |
|
Definition
-schramms model- indirect rather than direct feedback
-ex:tv show ratings
-feedback comes to late to enable corrections in comm that fails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-learned behavior of members of a given social group
-limits our options and provides useful guidelines for our behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Italian communities, fraternity row
-we can predict what music, shops, food, clothes, and cars we see and hear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to effectively and efficiently comprehend and use any form of mediated communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Created culture, understanding created by conversation
-together we know more than apart
-a lot of meaning is subjective
-said you cant write good ideas b/c he cant explain it |
|
|
Term
| What percent of U.S. population uses the internet on a regular basis-ch.1 |
|
Definition
seventy-five percent brah
75% |
|
|
Term
| who created the printing press-ch.1 |
|
Definition
Johannes Gutenberg- created movable metal type printing press
-1456=first Gutenberg bible |
|
|
Term
| technological determinism -ch.1 |
|
Definition
| machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change |
|
|
Term
| ideogrammatic alphabets-ch.1 |
|
Definition
| picture based alphabets that appeared in Egypt, Sumer, and urban China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-an alphabet employing sequences of vowels and consonants=words
-first appearing in 1800 B.C.E. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the common attitude that others are influenced by media messages, but we are not
-When someone argues that she is not influenced by the notions of feminine beauty as expressed in advertising |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of his/her waking hours does the average person spend consuming mass media content?-ch.1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which media does a typical American adult spend the most time on each day?-ch.1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| multiple point of access-ch.1 |
|
Definition
-to approach media content from a variety of directions and derive from it many levels of meaning
-learning to enjoy, understand, and appreciate media content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simotaniously consuming many different kinds of media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the erosion of traditional distinctions among media |
|
|
Term
| concentration of ownership-Ch.2 |
|
Definition
-media mergers have narrowed the range of information and entertainment available to people of all ideologies
-describe the phenomenon of the ownership of media companies becoming increasingly concentrated in fewer and fewer hands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the increase in the ownership of media outlets by larger, non-media companies
- refers to the increase in the ownership of media outlets by larger, nonmedia companies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -bigger can be better b/c the relative cost of an operations output declines as the sight of that endeavor grows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a concentration of media industries into an even smaller number of companies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-lack of diversity of expression
-large, multinational conglomerates using their power to shape news and entertainment to suit their own needs |
|
|
Term
| Radios and magazines targeting smaller audiences that were alike in some important characteristic and more attractive to *specific advertisers*-Ch.2 |
|
Definition
| =narrowcasting, niche marketing, or targeting |
|
|
Term
| addressable technologies-Ch.2 |
|
Definition
| technologies permitting the transmission of very specific content to equally specific audience members |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -groups of people little more than an interest in a given form of media content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-recouping the costs involved in acquiring numerous numbers or large media outlets through selling of more advertising on existing and new media and identifying additional ways to combine content and commercials
-product placement, brand ent., payola |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -radio stations now accept patments from record promoters to play their songs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -using as many channels of delivery as possible to get the greatest use of a companies content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having no preference for where we access our media content |
|
|
Term
| Audience Fragmentation-Ch.2 |
|
Definition
| -the audience of mass media is becoming less of a mass audience, its segments more narrowly defined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The integration, for a fee, of specific branded products into media content |
|
|
Term
| When audience members weigh the level of reward they expect from a given medium against how much effort they must make to secure that reward, it is known as ____?-Ch.2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appointment consumption-Ch.2 |
|
Definition
| -audiences consume content at a time predetermined by the producer and distributor |
|
|
Term
| Who was the godfather of cyberspace?-ch.10 |
|
Definition
| William Gibson- says we relate to our consumer status-increasingly interchangable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -"The Global Village"-good place for people enjoying increased contact and increased involvement with on another aided by electronic technology |
|
|
Term
| Englishman Charles Babbage-ch.10 |
|
Definition
-Created the computer
-Father of the computer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-developed by British
-first electronic digital computer using binary code |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first "full service" electronic computer
-18 feet tall, weighed 60,000 pounds
-sold it to remington brand corporation in 1950 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-developed by remington
-bought by census bureau in 1951
-became first successful commercial computer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -commissioned Pauul Baran of Rand corp to produce a plan that would enable us military to maintain command of its missiles and planes if a nuclear attack knocked out communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-computers linking individual personal computer users to the internet
-world wide web released in 1992= 1 million hosts |
|
|
Term
| Personal or microcomputers-ch.10 |
|
Definition
| -when the semiconductor replaced vacuum tubes, its tiny size, absence of heat, and affordability, made it possible for consumer sale |
|
|
Term
| Current best estimates indicate that there are at least how many Internet users across the globe?-ch.10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)-ch.10 |
|
Definition
| Telephone calls transferred in digital packets over the Internet rather than on circuit-switched telephone wires |
|
|
Term
| According to the data in the text, what percentage of adult Internet users purchased a product or service online in the last 30 days?-ch.10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the 1986 Electronic Communication Privacy Act, is it acceptable for an employer to access an employee's e-mail?-ch.10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the Federal Trade Commission, the single most frequent consumer complaint relating to the Internet in 2003 was-ch.10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kool internet facts-ch.10 |
|
Definition
-at least 1.7 bilion users worldwide
-74% of US homes have internet access
-1996,62% of U.S. internet users were men |
|
|
Term
| feedback in mass communication is traditionally described as inferential and delayed but online feedback can be immediate and direct-ch.10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digital millennium copyright act-ch.10 |
|
Definition
| -1998, primary goal was to bring US copyright law into compliance with that of the World Intellectual property organization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -the electronic coding or masking of information that can be deciphered only by a recipient with the decrypting key |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the widening disparity b/w the communication haves and have-nots |
|
|
Term
| The information gap-ch.10 |
|
Definition
| -those without the requisite technology will have diminished access to the information it makes available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first printing press company in America,1638
-limited to religious and government documents |
|
|
Term
| First book published in colonies?-ch.3 |
|
Definition
| The book of psalms/Bay Psalm book |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Published the first true novel-"PAMELA" BY SAMUEL RICHARDSON
-first to publish secular printing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-March 1765,England wanted to get money back it lost in Indian & french wars
-mandated that all printing be done on paper stamped with govs seal to control and limit expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-German imigrant Ottmar Mergenthaler, 1884
-enabled printers to set type mechanically rather than by hand
-offset lithography=printing from photographic plates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-brothers Irwin & Erastus Beadle
-1860, inexpensive book concentrated on adventure and frontier stories
-called pulp novels, produced 4 million volumes
-beadles democratized books and turned them into a mass medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-brought paperbacks to USA,
-inexpensive pocketbooks for 25 cents
-15,ooo copies a day
60% of books are paperback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thomas Paine-sold 120,000 copies also wrote "the American crisis" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
publishers in a democracy have an obligation to make a stronger arguement that free speech be protected&encouraged
-McCarthy ordered 100+ books be removed from libraries b/c the had a pro-communist slant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wherein people possess the ability to read but are unwilling to do so,amounts to doing the censors work for them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-30% of 13 y.o. read every day
-Americans b/w 18&24 never read for pleasure
-2008 Americans bought 3.1 billion new books, and the industry has 40.32 billion |
|
|
Term
| acquisitions editor -ch.3 |
|
Definition
-determines which book a publisher will publish
-base their judgements on the value and profitability of an idea |
|
|
Term
| Platform agnostic publishing -ch.3 |
|
Definition
| digital and hard copy books available for any and all reading devices |
|
|
Term
| Digital epistolary novel -ch.3 |
|
Definition
readers not only read the story but also interact with its characters and visit its locations
-very popular in Japan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
publishing houses were small operations closely identified with their personnel
-devotion to tradition |
|
|
Term
| A positive result of conglomeration within the book publishing industry is:-ch.3 |
|
Definition
| -companies can attract big southors |
|
|
Term
| The staggering increase in the number of new titles released each year can be attributed in large part to what forms of books?-ch.3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stories that unfold serially through e-mails, instant messaging, and Web sites are called-ch.3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-actions of the day
-ceasars time in Rome, posted on wall after each meeting of the senate
-written on stone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-what our papers were born from
-17th century Europe
-single sheets about specific events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Englishmen Nathaniel butter, Thomas archer, Nicholas Bourne
-news sheets, true forerunners of our daily newspaper |
|
|
Term
| Broadsides(broadsheets)-CH.4 |
|
Definition
| single sheet announcements or accounts imported from england |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"The Boston News-Letter"=established newspapers in the colonies
-featured foreign news,shipping news,gov announcements,reprints from england |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"New England Courant"-1721
-publishing without authority
-was jailed for printing "scandalous libels" |
|
|
Term
| Alien and sedition acts-CH.4 |
|
Definition
| -made illegal writing, publishing, or printing any false or scandolous and malicious writing about the pres, congress or fed gov |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in response to growing literacy
-Benjamin Day's "New York Sun"
-attract a large readership that he can sell to advertisers
-all about crime,police reports, entertainment news,and human interest stories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"North Star"-1847
-most influential African American newspaper after Civil War |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-First black paper to be a commercial success-1905
-goal was to encourage southern black people to move north |
|
|
Term
| Domestic wire services -CH.4 |
|
Definition
-1856=news gathering/distribution organization=New York associated press
-pooled together news stories to expand the coverage a paper offers its readers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-from yellow kid cartoon
-sensational sex,crime,and disaster news -heaviness of illustrations and colors |
|
|
Term
| fun facts***************-Ch.4 |
|
Definition
-50 million newspapers sold daily in U.S.
-115 million read it on Sunday
-104 million read it everyday
-9,800 newspapers in U.S.
-19% of the overall revenue spent on advertising in the United States goes to newspapers
-19% of 18-34 year-olds read a newspaper? |
|
|
Term
| pass-along readership-Ch.4 |
|
Definition
| readers who did not originally purchase the paper brings 104million in touch with a daily and 200 million a week in a weekly |
|
|
Term
| Wall Street Journal -Ch.4 |
|
Definition
-oldest and most respected National daily newspaper
-created by Charles Dow and Edward Jones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
suburban or regional wersions of the paper
-used to attract readers and to combat competition for advertising dollars from the suburban papers |
|
|
Term
| joint operating agreements-Ch.4 |
|
Definition
| permits a failing paper to merge most aspects of its business with a successful local competitor as long as their editorial and reporting operations remain separate |
|
|
Term
| Which newspaper is considered the "nation's newspaper of record"?-Ch.4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some 35 Spanish-language daily newspapers are published in the United States. These are examples of-Ch.4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -published the colonies first magazine, "American Magazine, or a monthly view of the political state of the British colonies -aimed at small number of literate colonists |
|
|
Term
| *********facts*********-CH.5 |
|
Definition
-1865, 700 magazine publishing,1885=3,300
-crucial to women's right to vote |
|
|
Term
| The Crisis, first published in 1910 as the voice of the ______________, was founded and edited by W.E.B. DuBois.-CH.5 |
|
Definition
| -National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -special versions of a given issue in which editorial content and ads vary according to some demographic or regional grouping |
|
|
Term
| The power of magazines is related to a reader's personal experience with the publication—including its advertising. This is referred to as-CH.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The magazine industry took in more than $24 billion in revenue in 2006. What percentage of that was generated by advertising revenue?-CH.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The total number of issues of a magazine that are sold |
|
|
Term
| When magazines publish special versions of an issue that contain editorial content and advertising geared to a specific demographic or regional grouping, this is known as-CH.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-created first movie-train in paris
-cimemotographie
-simple stories no editing
-contemporary medium-audience relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-invented zoopraxiscope=projecting images
-helped leland stanford bet with friend that a horse has all legs of ground |
|
|
Term
| Persistence of vision-CH.6 |
|
Definition
-seeing pictures in motion
-images retained in brain for 1/24 of a second |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -invente first video camera=the kinetograph |
|
|
Term
| Joeseph Nicephore Neipce-CH.6 |
|
Definition
-invented the photograph
-daguerrotype- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Calotype,-paper film process=the negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"A trip to the moon"
-created narrative movies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"The great train Robbery"- first western
-first movie to use editing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -theaters in converted stores, banks, and halls in US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-founded the Motion Picture Patents Company
-called the TRUST
-Black Mayia- Kinetiscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first sound film-"Don Juan"
-produced by warner bros
-hollywood=1933-controlled 8 largest studios
-mid 1920's=350,000 people making living in movie industry&20,000 theaters
-US box office=750 million$$$$$$$
-Avatar was most money film
-38,000 movie screens in US |
|
|
Term
| Vertical integration-CH.6 |
|
Definition
-big studios controlled movie from shooting,screening,=guaranteeing distribution and an audience
-1948=supreme court issued paramount decision,destroying studios hold over moviemaking
-studios were abusing the system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -decision to make a film in the first place |
|
|
Term
| Fredrick Jackson Turner-CH.6 |
|
Definition
| -Frontier thesis=argued that the American frontier experience slightly influenced American cultural values |
|
|
Term
| What device sparked the birth of the American movie business?-CH.6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered the most influential silent film of all time?-CH.6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"Father of Radio"
-transmitted across the English channel with the help of the British |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Reginald Fessenden
-the first audio device permitting reception of wireless voices
-1906 Christmas eve broadcast from Brant Rock, was first broadcast of voices and music |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American LEE DEFOREST
-a vacuum tube that improved and amplified wireless signals
-saw radio as a means of broadcasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -required that all ships using US ports and carrying more than 50 passengers have a working wireless and operator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-strengthened rules regarding shipboard wireless, and required operators be licensed by the Secretary of commerce and labor
-established spheres of authority for federal and state governments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -highly specialized specific audience of particular interest to certain advertisers could be attracted with specific types of music |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -one person or company owning and managing multiple radio stations |
|
|
Term
| The first commercial radio broadcast was-ch.7 |
|
Definition
| -announcing that Warren G. Harding had been elected president |
|
|
Term
| The first radio advertising commercial aired in 1922 on-ch.7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Americans listen to the radio in an average week?-ch.7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does one calculate a radio's rating?-ch.7 |
|
Definition
| -Calculate the number of people tuned into a particular station and the total population of a market reached. |
|
|
Term
| The first radio advertising commercial aired in 1922 on-ch.7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trustee model
& scarcity spectrum ch.7 |
|
Definition
| how the federal radio commission regulates based on convienence, number of listeners based on spectrum capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low power fm- 10-100 watt community non profit radio stations reach not far |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| income earned by the sale of airtime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no national owner limits- you could own more than one station |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell phone size clip on and registers all electronic media consumption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| albums that have been out for more than 3 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ale of radio or tv content to stations on a market to market basis |
|
|
Term
| digital audio radio service |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cd downloaded illegially person to person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made radio a national resource so people could use them but no one can own them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does the ratings for radio |
|
|
Term
| who discovered micheal jackson |
|
Definition
| sam philips, created sun records |
|
|
