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| Jade is an ornamental mineral, mostly known for its green varieties |
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| a priest or priestess acting as a medium through whom advice or prophecy was sought from the gods in classical antiquity. |
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a person of high rank who owned land but owed loyalty to his king |
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| a farmer with a small farm |
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| Chinese philosopher, he was the most influential teacher in Chinese history. His teachings, called Confucianism, focused on morality, family, society, and government. |
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| a philosophy based on the ideas of Confucius that focuses on morality, family order, social harmony, and government |
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| a philosophy that developed in China and stressed the belief that one should live in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force of all reality |
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| Chinese philospoher, he was the most famous Daoist teacher. Laozi is credited with writing The Way and Its Power, Daoism’s basic text. |
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| the Chinese belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled |
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| Ruler of China, he united China for the first time. He built roads and canals and began the Great Wall of China. Shi Huangdi also imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing system in China. |
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| a barrier made of walls across China’s northern frontier |
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| a device that uses the position of shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day |
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| a device that measures the strength of an earthquake |
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| the Chinese practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain |
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| a soft, light, and highly valued fabric developed in China |
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| a network of trade routes that stretched across Asia from China to the Mediterranean Sea |
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| the spread of ideas from one culture to another |
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