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a.k.a. bony joint; an immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become, in effect, a single bone. Bony joints can form by ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints.
EX: infants are born with right and left frontal and mandibular bones, and fuse seamlessly into single bones with age. |
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| a.k.a. fibrous joint, synarthrodial joint; a joint which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the other. There are three kinds: sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses. |
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| immovable or only slightly movable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other; they occur nowhere else. There are three kinds: Serrate, Lap (Squamous), or Plane (butt) |
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appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with each other by their serrated margins, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
EX: coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures that border the parietal bones. |
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occur where two bones have overlapping beveled edges.
EX: squamous suture between the temporal and parietal bones. |
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occur where two bones have straight nonoverlapping edges. The two bones merely border each other.
EX: between the palatine processes of the maxillae in the roof of the mouth. |
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| the joint joint attaching a tooth to its socket |
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a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis, giving the bones more mobility.
EX: between the shafts of the radius and ulna, which are joined by a broad fibrous sheet called an interosseous membrane. |
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a.k.a. Cartilaginous joint, amphiarthrodial joint; joints in which two bones are linked by cartilage.
EX: synchondrosis, symphysis |
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a joint in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage.
EX: attachment of the first rib to the sternum by a hyaline costal cartilage. |
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two bones are joined by fibrocartilage.
EX: the pubic symphysis, in which the right and left pubic bones are joined by the cartilaginous pubic disc. |
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a.k.a. synovial joint, diarthrodial joint; the most structurally complex type of joint, very movable.
EX: elbow, knee, knuckles, ankle. |
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| fluid rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, which give it a viscous slippery texture similar to raw egg white; lines the joint (articular) cavity. It nourishes the articular cartilages, removes their wastes, and makes movements at synovial joints almost friction-free. |
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| a strip or sheet of tough collagenous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone, most important structure in stabilizing a joint |
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| a similar tissue that attaches one bone to another. |
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| a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between adjacent muscles, where a tendon passes over a bone, or between bone and skin. Bursae cushion muscles, help tendons slide more easily over the joints, and sometimes enhance the mechanical effect of a muscle by modifying the direction in which its tendon pulls. |
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| elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon, seen especially in the hand and foot. |
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one bone has a smooth hemispherical head that fits into a cuplike socket on the other.
EX: the shoulder and the hip joints |
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a.k.a. Ellipsoid; exhibit an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other.
EX: the radiocarpal joint of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers. |
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both bones have a saddle shaped surface.
EX: trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb. |
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| a.k.a. gliding joint; the bone surfaces are flat or only slightly concave and convex. The bones slide over each other and have relatively limited movement. |
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monaxial joints moving freely in one plane with very little movement in any other.
EX: elbow, knee |
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monaxial joints in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis.
EX: radioulnar joint at the elbow, atlantoaxial joint between the first two vertebrae |
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| when one is standing in anatomical position, each joint is in zero position. |
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| a movement that decreases a joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane. |
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| a movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position. |
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| further extension of a joint beyond the zero position |
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| a movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body. |
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| movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline. |
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| when ankles are crossed or hyperadduct the shoulder by clasping hands |
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| putting your arm over your head and reaching towards the opposite side |
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| a movement that raises a body part vertically in the front plane |
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| lowers a body part in the frontal plane |
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| is the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane |
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| a posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane |
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| one end of a appendage remains fairly stationary while the other end makes a circular motion. |
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| applied to joints, it is a movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis |
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| medial (internal) rotation |
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| rotating towards your abdomen |
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| lateral (external) rotation |
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| rotating your arm away from the abdomen |
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| tilting the head or trunk to the right or left of the midline |
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| moving the mandible side to side. |
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| moving the mandible back to zero position |
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| tilting the hand towards the little finger |
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| tilting the hand towards the thumb. |
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| a movement in which the toes are elevated. |
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| movement of the foot so the toes point downward. |
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| foot movement that tips the soles medially |
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| movement that tips the soles laterally |
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