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Definition
| Any point where two bones meet |
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Definition
| The science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction |
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| The study of Musculoskeletal moevement |
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| Arthrology and Kinesiology - broad variety of movements and mechanical processes in the body, including the physics of blood circulation, respiration, and hearing |
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Definition
| Where the atlas meets the occipital condyles |
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Definition
| Where the glenoid cavity of thte scapula meets the humerus |
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Definition
| Where the radius meets the ulna |
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Definition
| Bony, Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial |
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Definition
Immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become a single bone
- can form by ossification of wither fibrous or cartilaginous joints |
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Term
Fibrous Joint (Synarthrosis)
(Synarthrodial Joint) |
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Definition
Point at which adjacent bones are bond by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the other
- 3 Kinds: Sutures, Gomphoses, and Syndesomoses(motile) |
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Definition
immobile(slightly moveable)fibrous joints that closely bind theb ones of the skull to each other
3 Kinds: Serrate, Lap, Plane |
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Definition
Appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with each other by hteir serrated margins
(Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid) |
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Definition
| Occur where two bones have overlapping beveled edges - appear relatively smooth nonserrated line |
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Definition
Occur where two bones have straight nonoverlapping edges - they border each other instead, "glued" together
-Found between the palatine process of the maxillae in the roof of the mouth |
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Definition
| The attachment of a tooth to its socket |
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Term
Periodontal Ligament
(Fibrous) |
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Definition
Holds teeth firmly in place
Consists of collagen fibers that extend from the bone matrix of tthe jaw into the dental tissue
- Allows the tooth to move or give a little under the stress of chewing |
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Definition
Fibrous joint at which two bones are bond by relatively long collagenous fibers
-Found between shafts of the radius and ulna (Fibrous - Interosseous membrane)
-less movable - distal ends of tibia and fibula |
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Term
Cartilaginous Joint
(Amphiarthrosis)
(Amphiarthrodial Joint) |
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Definition
Two bones are linked by cartilage
-2 Kinds: Synchondroses & Symphyses |
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Term
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Definition
Joint in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage
-Ex. temporary joint btwn the epiphysis & diaphysis of a long bone - formed by the cartilage of the epiphyseal plate
-Rib to Sternum by a hyaline costal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Two bones are joined by fibrocartilage
-Pubic Symphysis, Intervetebral disc (covered with hyaline cartilage) |
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Term
Synovial Joint
(Diarthrosis)
(Diarthrodial Joint) |
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Definition
Most joints in the body both motile and immotile
Some include: Elbow, Knee, Knuckle, Wrist, Ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| A layer of hyaline cartilage (2-3 mm) that covers the articular surfaces in a synovial joint |
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Definition
| space seperating articular surfaces of synovial joints - Contains a slippery libricant called synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Slippery lubricant - rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid - Nourishes artichular cartilages, removes their wastes and makes movements at synovial joints almost friction free |
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Term
| Joint (Articular) Capsule |
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Definition
| Connective tissue capsule that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid |
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Term
| (Inner Cellular) Synovial Membrane |
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Definition
Contents of joint capsule
- Fibroblast cells secrete fluid & macrophages remove debris from joint cavity |
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Definition
| Body of joint capsule - Continuous with the periosteum of the adjoining bones |
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Term
Articular Disc
(Fibrocartilage disc) |
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Definition
| Between Temporomandibular joint, sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint and btwen the ulna & carpal bones |
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Definition
| In the knee, two cartilages extend inward from the left and right but do not entirely cross the joint |
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Definition
A strip or sheet of tough collagenous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
-Usually most important to stabilize a joint |
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Definition
| Similar to tendon tissue that attaches one bone to another |
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Definition
Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid where a tendon passes over a bone
- located between adjacent muscles
-Cushion muscles, help tendons slide more easily over the joints and sometimes modify the direction a tendon pulls |
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Term
| Tendon (Synovial) Sheaths |
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Definition
Elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon
-Hand & Foot - Enable tendons to move more freely in such tight spaces as wrist & ankle |
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Term
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Definition
Portion of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort
Fulcrum=Joint - Effort=Muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Portion of the fulcrum to the point of resistance
Fulcrum=Joint - Resistance=Object |
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Term
| Mechanical Advantage (MA) |
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Definition
Ratio of Output Force:Input Force
MA=Le/Lr - lengths of E&R arms
MA=1+ lever produces more force |
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Definition
Lever with fulcrum in the middle (EFR)
-Atlanto-occpital joint (muscles of neck pull occipital bone upright) |
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Definition
Lever has the resistance in the middle (FRE) - Wheelbarrow
-Raise knee, femur pivots on hip joint, quadriceps femoris muscle elevates the tibia |
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Definition
Effort is applied btwn the fulcrum and resistance (REF) - paddling w/ oar
-Forearm (flex elbow), Btwn ulna &humerus - bicep muscle is E |
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Term
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Definition
The degrees through which a joint can move
-Knee can flex through an arc of ~135o
DETERMINED BY:
-Articular surface structure
-Str &tautness of ligaments & joint capsules
-Action of the muscles and tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| The perpendicular plane in relation to movement?? |
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Term
Degrees of freedom
(Multiaxial Joint) |
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Definition
Ability to move in all three anatomical planes
- 3 o of freedom |
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Definition
Move through one plane
-1 o of freedom |
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Definition
Move through 2 planes
-2 o of freedom |
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Definition
Multiaxial - one bone has a head that fits into a fossa
-glenohumeral, acetabulum |
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Term
| Condylar (Ellipsoid) Joints |
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Definition
Oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a complementary-shaped depression on the other
-Radiocarpal Joint, Metacarpophalangeal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Both bones have saddle-shaped surfaces
-Trapeziometacarpal joint between the trapezium and metacarpal I |
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Term
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Definition
Bone surfaces are flat or only slightly concave and convex, the adjacent bones slide over each other and have relativelyt limited movement
-Carpal & Tarsal Bones - articular processes of vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
Essentially monaxial joints - move in one plane
-Elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints |
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Definition
Monaxial - bone spins on its longitudinal axis
-Atlantoaxial joint, Radioulnar joint |
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Definition
| Joints at anatomical position |
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Definition
Movement that decreases a joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane
-elbow, knee, shoulder, hip |
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Definition
Movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position
-straightening elbow, wrist or knee |
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Definition
| Further extension beyond zero position |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body |
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Definition
| Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline |
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Definition
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Definition
| raise arm slightly over the front/back of the head |
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Definition
| Movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal place |
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Definition
| Lowers a body part in the same plane |
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Term
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Definition
| Anterior moevement of a body part in the transverse plane |
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane |
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Definition
| One end of an appendage remains fairly stationary while the other end makes a circular motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis |
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Term
| Medial (Internal) Rotation |
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Definition
| Bend elbow, move hand to abdomen - humerus is rotated |
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Term
| Lateral (External) Rotation |
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Definition
| rotating foot - femur rotates |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement that turns the palm to face upward |
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Definition
| Movement that turns the palm downward |
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Definition
| Tilting the head or trunk to the right or left of the midline |
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Term
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Definition
Right - Twisting at the waist or turning of the head
Left - Chest or face turns to the right/left of the forward-facing zero position |
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Definition
| side-to-side movement of the mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement back to the median, zero position |
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Definition
| Tilts the hand toward the little finger |
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Definition
| Tilts the hand toward the thumb |
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Definition
Abduction of Pallux
-Movement of thumb away from hand |
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Term
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Definition
| Moves the thumb away from the palm anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of the thumb to touch the tip of any of the four fingers |
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Definition
| Returning to zero position |
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Definition
| Movement in which the toes are elevated |
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Definition
Movement of the foot so the toes point downward
-tiptoes |
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Term
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Definition
| Foot Movement that tips the soles medially, facing each other |
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Definition
| Movement that tips the soles laterally, away from each other |
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Definition
Articulation of the condyle of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
-condylar,hinge, &plane joint qualities |
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Term
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Definition
Prevents posterior displacement of the mandible
-on impact, this ligament prevents the condylar process from fracturing the base of the skull |
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Term
| Sphenomandibular Ligament |
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Definition
| Ligament On the medial side of the joint - extends from the sphenoid bone to the ramus of the mandible |
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Term
| Glenohumeral (Humeroscapular) Joint |
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Definition
Head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
-Muscles that help stabilize: supraspinatus&infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis and (biceps Brachii? |
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Term
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Definition
| Ring of fibrocartilage around the margin of the glenoid cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Fused to the joint capsule on all sides except the inferior
-Formed by the tendons of the muscles aiding the Glenohumeral Joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligaments supporting the glenohumeral joint that are Relatively weak and sometimes absent |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament supporting the glenohumeral joint that extend from the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater of the humerus |
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Term
| Transverse Humeral Ligament |
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Definition
| Ligament supporting the Glenohumeral joint which extends from the greater to the lesser tubercle of the humerus & forms a tunnel housing the tendon from the long head of the biceps |
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Term
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Definition
| Subdeltoid, Subacromial, Subcoracoid and Subscapular bursae |
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Term
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Definition
Trochlea of the humerus joins the trochlear notch of the ulna
-Single Joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
Where the Capitulum of the humerus meets the head of the radius
-Single Joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| Bursa on the posterior side of the elbow to ease the movement of tendons over the joint |
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Term
| Radial (Lateral) Collateral Ligament and Ulnar (Medial) Collateral Ligament |
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Definition
| Ligaments which restrict the side-to-side motions of the elbow joint |
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Term
| Proximal Radioulnar Joint |
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Definition
| Joint in which the edge of the disclike head of the radius fits into the radial notch of the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament which encircles the radial head and is attached at each end to the ulna |
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Definition
| Joint where the head of the femur inserts into the acetabulum of the hip bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Horseshoe Fibrocartilage ring around acetabulum's rim |
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Term
| Iliofemoral and Pubofemoral Ligaments |
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Definition
| Ligaments that support the coxal joint on the anterior side |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament that supports the coxal joint on the posterior side |
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Definition
| Pit in the head of the femur for attatchment of Ligamentum teres |
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Term
| Round Ligament (Ligamentum Teres) |
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Definition
Arises at Fovea Capitis and attaches to the lower margin of the acetabulum
-Contains an artery that supplies blood to the head of the femur |
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Term
| Transverse Acetabular Ligament |
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Definition
| Ligament that bridges a gap in the inferior margin of the acetabular labrum |
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Term
| Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint |
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Definition
| The largest and most complex diarthrosis of the body - hinge joint |
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Term
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Definition
Articulation between the patella &patellar ligament with the femur
-joint capsule only encloses lateral and posterior aspects of the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligament that covers the anterior aspect of the patella |
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Term
| Lateral and Medial Menisci |
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Definition
| Two C-shaped cartilages in the knee joint cavity - joined by TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT |
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Definition
| Ligament that joins the lateral and medial menisci |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of the knee supported by a complex array of extracapsular ligaments external to the joint capsule and two intracapsular ligaments within it |
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Term
| Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament and the Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament |
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Definition
| Extracapsular ligaments in the popliteal region that prevent the knee from rotating when the joint is extended |
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Term
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterior Cructiate Ligament |
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Definition
2 Intracapsular ligaments with synovial membrane folds around them, cross each other in an X shape
-ACL - prevents hyperextension
-PCL - prevents femur from sliding off tibia |
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Term
| Anterior Knee joint Bursae |
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Definition
| Superficial infrapatellar, Suprapatellar, Prepatellar and Deep Infrapatellar |
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Term
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Definition
| Joint that includes two articulations - a medial joint between the tibia and talus and a lateral joint betweeen the fibula and talus - in one joint capsule |
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Term
| Anterior and Posterior Tibiofibular Ligaments |
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Definition
| Two ligaments that bind the tibia to the fibula |
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Term
| Medial (Deltoid) Ligament |
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Definition
| Multipart ligament which binds the tibia to the foot on the medial side |
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Term
| Lateral (Collateral) Ligament |
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Definition
| Multipart ligament which binds the fibula to the foot on the lateral side |
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Term
| Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon |
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Definition
Tendon that extends from the calf muscles to the calcanesuss
-Planterflexes the foot and limits dorsiflexion |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of a bursa, usually due to overexertion of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
Hereditary disease, most common in men, in which uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints and irritate the articular cartilage and synovial membrane (Causes gouty arthritis, with swelling, pain, tissue degeneration, and sometimes fusion of the joint)
-Most commonly the hallux |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad term for any pain in the supportive and locomotory organs of the body, including bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Torn ligament or tendon, sometimes with damage to a miniscus or other carilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful overstretching of a tendon or muscle without serious tissue damage |
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Definition
| Inflammation of a joint capsule, often as a complication of a sprain |
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Definition
| A form of bursitis in which a tendon sheath is inflamed |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad term for pain and inflammation of a joint and embraces more than a hundred different diseases of largely obscure or unknown causes |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the Quadriceps Femoris tendon that covers the anterior aspect of the knee along with the patellar ligament |
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