Term
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Definition
| It is the site where 2 OR MORE BONES MEET, with or without MVMNT. |
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Term
| What are the functions of joints? |
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Definition
Gives the skeleton MOBILITY.
HOLDS the skeleton together. |
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Term
| Name the structural classification of joints. |
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Definition
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Connected by short connective tissue fibers. |
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Term
| What are examples of fibrous joints? |
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Definition
INFERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
SUTURES in the skull |
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Term
| What are examples of cartilaginous joints? |
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Definition
Synchondroses (Hyaline cartilage)
Symphyses (Fibrocartilage) |
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Term
| Describe synovial joints. |
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Definition
Lined by synovial membrane.
Has a joint cavity. |
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Term
| Name the functional classification of joints. |
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Definition
No movement
Slight movement
Freely mobile |
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Term
| What kind of joints enjoy slight movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of joints are freely mobile? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the features of a synovial joint. |
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Definition
<3Cs + 1S>
Capsule
Articular Cartilage
(Joint) Cavity
Ligaments
Rich nerve and blood supply
Bursae
Articular discs
Synovial Membrane
Ligaments |
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Term
| What kind of joints have no movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are primary cartilaginous joints and secondary cartilaginous joints? |
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Definition
1º cartilaginous joints are hyaline in nature.
2º cartilaginous joints are fibrocartilage in nature. |
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Term
| What is the function of the capsule? |
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Definition
| Capsule holds the bone in position. |
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Term
| What kind of cartilage is the articular cartilage made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of articular cartilage? |
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Definition
| Meeting of two cartilage surfaces provide a very low friction environment for the movement of joints. |
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Term
| What is the function of the synovial membrane? |
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Definition
Produces a lubricating fluid.
Produces a fluid that nourishes the articular cartilage. |
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Term
| What is the classification of ligaments in terms of their position? |
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Definition
Capsular (Intrinsic)
Intracapsular
Extracapsular |
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Term
| What is the significance of having capillary beds in your synovial joints? |
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Definition
| The capillary beds produce filtrate for synovial fluid. |
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Term
| What is the significance of having nerve fibers in the synovial joints? |
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Definition
PAIN detection
Monitor JOINT POSITION
Monitor STRETCH |
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Term
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Definition
| Around the joints or around the tendons. |
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Term
| What is the function of bursae? |
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Definition
| It contains synovial fluid, thus MINIMIZES FRICTION. |
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Term
| Where are articular discs found? |
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Definition
They are not found in all joints. Mostly found in COMPLEX JOINTS.
Menisci @ knee joint
Temporomandibular joint
Sternoclavicular joint |
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Term
| What are the functions of articular discs? |
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Definition
Shock Absorbers
Provide Stability |
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Term
| Position of the Bursa wrt Other Parts |
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Definition
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Term
Superior view of the right tibia in the knee joint, showing the
menisci and cruciate ligaments |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the factors that ensure the stability of the synovial joint? |
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Definition
Bones (Shape + Size)
Ligaments
Muscle tone |
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Term
| What is the classification of ligaments in terms of their tissue type? |
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Definition
Elastic ligament (Made entirely of elastic connective tissue.)
Fibrous ligament |
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Term
| What are the functions of fibrous ligaments? |
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Definition
Reinforce the joint
Prevent undesirable movmnt |
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Term
| Give examples of where muscle tone is extremely important in reinforcing a joint. |
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Definition
Shoulder joints (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
Knee joints (Quadriceps Femoris)
Arches of the foot |
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Term
| Every muscle has how many attachments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two muscle attachments. |
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Definition
Origin = Proximal Attachment
Insertion = Distal Attachment |
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Term
| What does muscle contraction result in? (In terms of the muscle attachments.) |
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Definition
| Insertion moves towards the origin. |
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Term
| What are the planes that muscle mvmnts occur along? |
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Definition
Transverse planes
Sagittal planes
Frontal planes |
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Term
| What are the 6 types of synovial joints? |
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Definition
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball & Socket |
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Term
| What mvmnts do plane joints produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give me examples of plane joints. |
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Definition
Acromioclavicular joint
Inter-carpal |
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Term
| What mvmnts do hinge joints produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of hinge joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mvmnts do plane joints produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of pivot joints? |
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Definition
Atlantoaxial joint
Radioulnar joint |
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Term
| What mvmnts do condyloid joints produce? |
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Definition
Adduction (towards the sagittal plane)/Abduction (away from the sagittal plane)
Flexion/Extension |
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Term
| Name examples of condyloid joints. |
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Definition
Wrist
Metacarpophalangeal joint |
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Term
| Examples of saddle joints. |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of ball & socket joints. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the special joints to take note of? |
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Definition
Knee joint
Ankle joint
Shoulder joint
Elbow joint
Wrist joint |
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Term
| What is special about the inferior tibiofibular joint? |
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Definition
| It is the only fibrous joint in the appendicular skeleton. |
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Term
| How are the bones connected in the ankle joint? |
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Definition
| Tibia + Fibula w Talus (ankle bone) |
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Term
| How are the bones connected in the knee joint? |
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Definition
Femur w Patellar
Femur w Tibia + its menisci
(fibula does not take part in knee joint) |
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Term
| How are the bones connected in the shoulder joint? |
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Definition
| Head of Humerus w Scapula's Glenoid Cavity |
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Term
| How are the bones connected in the elbow joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the bones connected in the wrist joint? |
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Definition
Radius w Scaphoid + Lunate (carpus)
(ulna does note take part) |
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Term
| What are the types of movements at the synovial joints? |
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Definition
Gliding movements
Angular movements
Special movements
Circular movements |
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Term
| Describe angular movements. What are the different kinds of angular movements? |
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Definition
Angular movements change the size of the angle between articulating bones.
Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension
Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion
Abduction/Adduction |
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Term
| Describe circular movements. What are the different kinds of circular movements? |
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Definition
Circular movements result in the arclike rotation of a structure around an axis.
Rotation/Circumduction
Supination/Pronation |
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Term
| Describe gliding movements. What are the different kinds of gliding movements? |
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Definition
| Gliding movements are the simplest of all movements. The articular surface of one bone moves over the articular surface of another without any angular or circular movement. |
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Term
| Describe special movements. What are the different kinds of special movements? |
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Definition
Special movements are often unique or unusual movements that occur only in a very limited number of joints. These movements do not fit well into other movement categories and are generally described separately.
Inversion/Eversion
Protraction/Retraction
Elevation/Depression
Opposition |
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Term
| What is an example of a joint that exhibits supination/pronation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a joint that exhibits plantar flexion/dorsiflexion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a joint that exhibits inversion/eversion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a joint that exhibits opposition? |
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Definition
| Thumb at carpo metacarpal joint |
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Term
| Name 2 parts of the body that exhibit flexion/extension/hyperextension. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 parts of the body that exhibit flexion/extension. |
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Definition
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Term
| What joint exhibits abduction/adduction and circumduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 parts of the body that exhibit rotation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a joint that exhibits inversion/eversion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does opposition occur? |
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Definition
| b/n the thumb and the other 4 fingers |
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