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| Joints in which the connective tissue holding them together contains many collagenous fibers |
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| Joints which are bound by a sheet of dense connective tissue (interosseous membrane) or bundle of dense connective tissue (interosseous ligament) |
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| Joints found only between flat bones of the skull and are united by a thin layer of dense connective tissue called a sutural ligament |
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| Joint formed by the union of a cone shaped bony process in a bony socket ( ex. peglike root of tooth fastened to a jawbone) |
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| Joints connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
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| Joint in which bands of hyaline cartilage unite the bones (ex. epiphyseal plate connects diaphysis to epiphyses |
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| Joint in which the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, which in turn is attached to a pad of springy fibrocartilage. |
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Joints that consist of articular cartilage, a joint capsule, and a synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. |
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| Layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular ends of the bones of a synovial joint. |
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| Bone beneath articular cartilage |
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Joints that are immovable
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Joints that are freely movable
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Joint with a ball shaped head of one bone articulating with a cup shaped socket of another
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Definition
Oval shaped condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another
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Joint whose articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved.
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Convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another.
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Joint whose cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament
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Joint whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another
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Examples of ball and socket joints
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Joints between metacarpals and phalanges
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Examples of Condyloid joints
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Joints between various bones of wrist and ankle
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Definition
Examples of gliding joints
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| Elbow and joints of phalanges |
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| Joint between proximal ends of radius and ulna |
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| Joint between carpal and metacarpal of thumb |
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| Example of a saddle joint |
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Definition
| Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (ex. bending the knee) |
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| Staightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (ex. straightening the knee) |
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| Excess extension of the parts of a joint, beyond the anatomical position (ex. bending the head back beyond the upright position) |
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| Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin ( walking on heels) |
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| Movement at the ankle that brings the foot farther from the shin. ( walking or standing on toes) |
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| Moving a part away from the midline ( lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) |
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| Moving a part toward the midline of the body ( returning the arm from the horizontal position to the side of the body) |
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| Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side) Medial (internal) rotation is movement toward the midline. Lateral (external) rotation is movement in the opposite direction. |
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| Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand.) |
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| Turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position) |
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| Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position) |
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| Turning the foot so that the plantar surface faces laterally |
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| Turning the foot so that the plantar surface faces medially |
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| Moving a part forward (thrusting the chin forward) |
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| Moving a part backwards (pulling the chin backward) |
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Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders) |
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| Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders) |
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Definition
Outer layer of this largely consists of dense connective tissue whose fibers attach to the periosteum around each bone of the joint near its articular end. The inner layer of consists of shiny vascular lining of loose connective tissue called the synovial membrane. |
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Definition
| Moistens and lubricates the smooth cartilaginous surfaces within a joint. Also helps supply articular cartilage with nutrients obtained from the blood vessels of the synovial membrane. |
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Definition
Discs of fibrocartilage located between articular surfaces of some synovial joints. |
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| Fluid filled sacs in some synovial joints that cushion and aid movement of tendons that glide over bony parts or over other tendons. |
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| Connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
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| Three bands of fibers that extend from the edge of the glenoid cavity to the lesser tubercle and the anatomical neck of the humerus. |
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Term
| Transverse humeral ligament |
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Definition
| Consists of a narrow sheet of connective tissue fibers that runs between the lesser and the greater tubercles of the humerus. With the intertubercular groove of the humerus, this forms a canal through which the long head of the biceps brachii passes. |
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