• NO SYNOVIAL CAVITY
• FIBROUS CT BETWEEN BONES
• COLLAGEN HOLDS BONES TOGETHER

FIBROUS JOINT THAT IS: SYNARTHROSIS - DENSE FIBROUS CT BETWEEN INTERLOCKING BONES - SUTURE JOINTS

• NO SYNOVIAL CAVITY
• CARTILAGE BETWEEN BONES
• CARTILAGE HOLDS BONES TOGETHER

CARTILAGINOUS JOINT THAT IS: SYNARTHROSIS -CONSISTS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE; MAKES UP EPIPHYSEAL PLATES & STERNUM/COASTAL CARTILAGE OF 1ST RIB JOINTS

• SYNOVIAL CAVITY PRESENT
• ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DOES NOT BIND BONES TOGETHER
• HYALINE CARTILAGE DECREASES FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK
• DENSE IRREGULAR CT CAPSULE, OFTEN WITH ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS -ARTICULATING SURFACES-FLAT OR CURVED;GLIDING-SOME ROTATION-BI / TRIAXIAL

• BETWEEN CARPALS
• BETWEEN TARSALS
• *STERNUM/COASTAL CARTILAGE (2ND & 7TH RIBS)
• VERTEBRAE/RIBS
• *PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR 
• SACROILIAC
• *INTERVERTEBRAL BETWEEN ARCHES AT FACETS

FIBROUS JOINTS THAT ARE: SYNARTHROSIS - DENSE FIBROUS CT; MORE SPACE BETWEEN BONES; PEG IN SOCKET / TEETH IN ALVEOLI

FIBROUS JOINT THAT IS: AMPHIARTHROSIS - BINDS 2 NEIGHBORING LONG BONES: RADIUS/ULNA & TIBIA/FUBULA

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - ARTICULATING SURFACES CONVEX & CONCAVE;ANGULAR-UNIAXIAL

• ELBOW
• ANKLE
• BETWEEN PHALANGES
• KNEE (ALSO SLIGHT MEDIAL & LATERAL ROTATION)

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - ROUND/POINTED SURFACE FITS INTO RING OF BONE OR LIGAMENT;ROTATION-UNIAXIAL

• ATLAS/AXIS (SHAKING HEAD NO)
• *RADIUS/ULNA

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - OVAL PROJECTION IN OVAL DEPRESSION;ANGULAR-BIAXIAL

• RADIUS/CARPALS (WRIST)
• METACARPALS/PHALANGES
• METATARSALS/PHALANGES
• ATLAS/OCCIPITAL

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS ONE BONE SITS IN A SADDLE SHAPED BONE;ANGULAR-BIAXIAL

• THUMB

SYNOVIAL JOINT THAT IS: DIARTHROSIS - BALL IN CUPLIKE DEPRESSION;ANGULAR & ROTATION-TRIAXIAL

• SHOULDER
• HIP

CARTILAGINOUS JOINT THAT IS: AMPHIARTHROSIS - HYALINE CARTILAGE COVERS ENDS OF BONES BUT FLAT FIBROCARTILAGE DISK CONNECTS THE BONES - *INTERVERTEBRAL (BETWEEN VERTEBRAE), PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, MANUBRIUM/BODY OF STERNUM

1. SYNOVIAL CAVITY
2. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
3. ARTICULAR CAPSULE
4. SYNOVIAL FLUID

SLEEVE SURROUNDING/ENCLOSING SYNOVIAL CAPSULE; 2 LAYERS:

1. OUTER FIBROUS CAPSULE: USUALLY DENSE IRREGULAR CT; ATTACHES TO PERIOSTEUM; STABILIZES JOINT BY BINDING BONES; PROVIDES TENSILE STRENGTH-RESISTS STRETCHING AND PREVENTS DISLOCATION; SOME WITH LIGAMENTS THAT ARE DENSE REGULAR CT
2. INNER SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE: AREOLAR CT + ELASTIC FIBERS; SOME WITH FAT PADS, EX KNEE; CELLS IN MEMBRANE SECRETE SYNOVIAL FLUID

HAS CONSISTENCY OF RAW EGG; INCREASED VISCOSITY WITH IMMOBILITY; CONTAINS HYALURONIC ACID FROM FIBROBLASTS + INTERSTITIAL FLUID FILTERED FROM PLASMA

FUNCTIONS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID:

1. DECREASE FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK AT JOINT;LUBRICATES; MORE PRODUCED WITH EXERCISE
2. SUPPLY NUTRIENTS, O₂
3. REMOVE CO₂ AND METABOLIC WASTES
4. CONTAINS PHAGOCYTIC CELLS TO REMOVE DEBRIS FROM NORMAL WEAR

OUTSIDE AND/OR WITHIN CAPSULE

EX: COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS OF TIBIA AND FIBULA

TRUE OR FALSE:

BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS ARE NOT STRICTLY PART OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS; BOTH REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN MOVING PARTS AT JOINTS.

LIKE CUSHIONS MADE OF CT LINED WITH A SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; FILLED WITH FLUID SIMILAR TO SYNOVIAL FLUID

FOUND BETWEEN SKIN/BONES, TENDONS/BONES, MUSCLE/BONE, LIGAMENTS/BONES EX SHOULDER & KNEE

TUBE LIKE, FLUID FILLED SACS THAT WRAP AROUND TENDONS TO DECREASE FRICTION

FOUND WHERE TENDONS PASS THROUGH SYNOVIAL CAVITIES: SHOULDER WRIST, ANKLE, FINGERS, TOES

TRUE OR FALSE:

AN INDIVIDUAL NERVE FIBER IS EITHER MOTOR OR SENSORY

1. GLIDING
2. ANGULAR
3. ROTATION
4. SPECIAL MOVEMENTS

FLEXION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

EXTENSION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

LATERAL FLEXION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

HYPEREXTENSION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

ABDUCTION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

ADDUCTION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, & ADDUCTION IN SUCCESSION; DISTAL END OF BODY MOVES IN A CIRCLE

OCCURS AT HIP, SHOULDER, WRIST, THUMB, FINGERS

CIRCUMDUCTION

(TYPE OF ANGULAR MOVEMENT)

BONE MOVES AROUND ITS OWN LONGITUDINAL AXIS

EX: SHAKING HEAD NO, RADIUS ROTATES AROUND ULNA

SUPERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

ELEVATION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

INFERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

DEPRESSION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

ANTERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

PROTRACTION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

POSTERIOR MOVEMENT OF BODY PART

EX: MANDIBLE, SHOULDERS

RETRACTION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

INVERSION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

EVERSION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

BENDING FOOT UP

EX: ANKLE

DORSIFLEXION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

BENDING FOOT DOWN

EX: ANKLE

PLANTAR FLEXION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

PRONATION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

SUPINATION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)

OPPOSITION

(SPECIAL MOVEMENT)