Term
| how does Mill describe the rulers who were in authority in the old times? what did the patriots do in response to this? |
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Definition
power was derived by:
1). inheritance
2). conquest
power was thought as necessary against their subjects.
the patriots set limits to their power. they obtained recognition for certain freedoms that should not be infringed. -by establishing checks on the GOV. |
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Term
| what was wanted after people stopped thinking of their rulers as having independent power. |
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Definition
1). rulers should be identified with the people
=>rulers' interest should be the will of the nation.
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Term
| when democracy occupied "a large portion of the earth's surface', it was percieved that the phrase 'the power of the people' did not show 'the true state of the case'. why was this? why was there still a need to limit governments? |
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Definition
1). majority (active) oppressed minority
2). minority was not heard
"tyranny of the majority" is held in dread.
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Term
there is no political oppression just.. |
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Definition
"social tyranny" - which "is more formidable than many kinds of political oppression" |
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Term
"social tyranny"
1). what is it?
2). why is it more formidable
3). where is this seen?
4). what limit needs to be found? |
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Definition
1). oppressing opinion, leads to lack of individuality, conforming to society=> utilitarian.
2). because an individual needs to be heard in order for there to be summum bonnum
3). media, school rules, lack of equality in society
4). the limit that needs to be found is the interference of society over an individual. |
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Term
custom springs the absence to the answer of: where is the limit of society over an individual? what is custom? |
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Definition
custom is not a law but is a universal illusion or general feelings on certain subjects. reasons for custom are mostly due to majority view.
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Term
| what examples does mill give of superiority of custom or class, as having grown largely out of 'self interest'? |
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Definition
examples of class interests and superiority include the princes and their subjects, planters and negroes.
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Term
when is it an exception for society to oppress a individuals right?
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Definition
1). religious belief. -> each moral sense has been seen as fallible
there has been conflict of opinion over who is right but each side has had to limit its hopes of complete victory and adopt the principle of the rights of each individual belief.
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Term
| 1). what is individual liberty? 2). why mill fears there will be interference with this in england? |
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Definition
1). independence of an individual from government and public interference and opinion.
2). there is no standpoint where government interference can be judged, it is mostly personal feelings and therefore there is no consistency. therefore, interference from the gov is often improperly invoked and condemned. |
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Term
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Definition
"over himself..the individual is sovereign (supreme ruler)" |
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Term
self-regarding actions do not apply to ... |
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Definition
"backward individuals", "barbarians" - people need to be able to rationalize for themselves. children and people with mental conditions cannot be applied to his theory (free decision). |
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