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| The smallest unit of matter indivisible by chemical means. |
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| the organelle of the cell that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA molecules organized into chromosomes. |
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| a subatomic particle with a negative charge of electricity, found in all atoms |
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| any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. An element is composed of only one type of atom. |
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| atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but differing numbers of neutrons. There can be multiple isotopes of an element. |
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| any substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together |
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| A chemical bond in which atoms, ions, or molecules are held together by electrostatic attraction |
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| atomic particle, atom or chemical radical bearing an electric charge, either negative or positive. Also, an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons |
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| electrons are shared between atoms, ions, or molecular constituents of a biological compound. |
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| The smallest unit of an element or compound, made up of two or more atoms held together by strong chemical bond. |
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| weak, short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules |
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| sticking together of alike entities |
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| sticking together of un-alike entities |
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| two or more substances combined together in such a way that each remains unchanged (heterogenous) |
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| A type of homogenous mixture in which the particles of one or more substances (the solute) are distributed uniformly throughout another substance (the solvent). |
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| the dissolved substance in a solution |
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| the dissolving substance of a solution |
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| particles of a substance are dispersed but not totally dissolved in a fluid; |
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| provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity (acid) or alkalinity (base) of a solution (where 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is acidic and less than 7 is basic). |
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| a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. |
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| any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the color of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to form salts |
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| The simplest, repeating unit of a polymer. A monomer can combine with another monomer through chemical bonds to form a larger molecule, such as a polymer. |
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| a compound made up of several repeating units (monomers) |
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| energy rich organic compounds. consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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| a simple sugar that constitutes the building blocks of a more complex form of sugars such as polysaccharides |
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| a carbohydrate comprised of more than 10 monosaccharides |
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| a fatty or waxy organic compound whose major biological functions involve energy storage, structural component of cell membrane, and cell signaling |
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| a polymer composed of nucleotides. Two major types of nucleic acids are DNA (double stranded nucleic acid) and RNA (single stranded nucleic acid) |
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| a monomer (the basic building block) of nucleic acid. |
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| ribonucleic acid - a single stranded nucleic acid. function: In some viruses, RNA is the genetic material. For most organisms, RNAs are involved in: protein synthesis |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid - double stranded nucleic acid. function: DNA carries the genetic ‘blueprint’ since it contains the instructions needed to construct cellular components like proteins and RNAs |
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| the building block of protein |
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| A process in which one or more substances (reactants) are chemically changed into one or more new substances (products). Chemical changes may involve motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds. |
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| A substance taking part in a chemical reaction. |
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| A substance created as the result of a chemical reaction. |
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| the amount of energy that an atomic system must have in order for a chemical reaction to occur |
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| A substance capable of initiating or speeding up a chemical reaction. |
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| A biomolecule that acts as catalyst to speed up specific chemical reactions. Enzymes are either proteins or RNA (ribozymes) molecules. |
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| any substance that reacts to the active site of an enzyme |
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| a chemical reaction that produces energy |
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| a chemical reaction that absorbs energy |
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| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic numbers of the known elements form a complete series (periodic table) from 1 (hydrogen) to 103 (lawrencium). |
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| a count of the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. |
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