Term
|
Definition
| thought Sheerith Israel was too lenient; was immigrant and exclusionary. Service was orthodox and you had to be orthodox in practice, too. eventually, though, it moved and adopted mixed service and seating. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| started as a German one-room traditional synogogue, but moved several times and got more reform every time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| father of reform movement - tried to create "minhag america" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
German religious org: get rid of antisemitism
- industry: deals with employment and unemployment
- criminality: study crime, find solutions, create homes for juvenile delinquints
- philanthropy: bring together charitable orgs of ny (UJA today)
- jewish ed (board of jewish ed) with Jacob Schiff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kehillah's school board reform branch; a Reform German Jew
offers money to jewish schools that modernize - open airy classrooms, no corporal punishments, teacher training programs |
|
|
Term
| Agudat haRabbanim respose to Schiff |
|
Definition
- not sensitive to needs of Yeshiva students; too modern (also think OU is too modern and compromising)
- Klein, Margolis, and Levinthol dissent; become Roshei Yeshiva of YU, showing commitment to openness and change after the students of YU strike for a dual curriculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gearing the Russian socialist message toward Jews; Chaim Zhitlowsky says that even after the revolution comes, Jews should maintain their cultural identity; estranges the Bund from strict Marxism - goes to Jewish Zionist Socialism. why establish socialism in russia when we might as well do it in Palestine? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US attorney general; although socialism and radicalism was more accepted before WWI (starting with Hilquit becoming a serious candidate vs Tammany Hall, radical reformism becoming fashionable, and London being the first socialist elected to congress), after WWI and with the bolshevik fear taking in after Russia drops out, Palmer starts deporting and imprisoning american radicals. this makes all but the most radical socialist jews abandon ship and go to the democratic party. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founds the system of the Synogogue Center, which starts in Harlem - sort of a spiritual successor of settlement houses, trying to attract young Jews to Judaism. |
|
|
Term
| Fero Laguardia and public schools |
|
Definition
mayor of nyc - institutes merit system for public school teachers, which leads to Jews displacing the irish who previously had dominated the system.
- causes ethnic tension
- also brings jews closer together. the public school system becomes heavily jewish, in students and teachers. the jews work together and marry one another. hebrew is taught in the public schools, where jews emphasize cultural pluralism as a part of american identity, that holding on to your culture is important and part of what makes america great. |
|
|
Term
| antisemitism in the interwar period |
|
Definition
| charles coughlin and the christian front - very antisemitic, caters to the irish. there's a lot of tension between the jews and the irish. to a lesser extent there is also german antisemitism, like the german bundt, but that's not so prevalent - it makes sense to support the jews if you're a politician in nyc because jews are a powerful voting bloc. |
|
|
Term
| three jewish neighborhoods in the interwar period |
|
Definition
1. williamsberg is traditional and a bit seprationist
2. flatbush/boroughpark is modern orthodox and zionist; small modern day schools
3. bronx is radical - communists and laborists. but most people living there don't identify strongly - just living day to day, drawing jewish identity from living with one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one of the two schools est. in williamsberg interwar
- meant to be a restart of the old etz chaim; by 1930 grows to have 12 grades and 1500 students, a very large institution
- assimilation isn't inevitable! these are very hardlined orthodox people
- mostly second gen jews who haven't given up tradition and the trickle of new immigrants (there are still some, even though the doors are largely closed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| postwar, GI bill sends soldiers to college for free. this gets rid of discrimination vs. jews - undermines colleges with restrictions to jewish enrollment. also gives GIs low cost loans to buy homes. this creates whole new communities, places where jews can move in and find acceptance. |
|
|
Term
| post WWII exurbia, suburbia, midurbia |
|
Definition
exurbia: jews move to california and miami. "jewish soldiers" act as scouts and come back telling other jews to move there. city college forms alumni associations in LA; new york style delis show up; jews who move there go into jewish style industries.
suburbia: within ny area. jews can choose to live with other jews or with nonjews; jews become accepted, living primarity among other jews but also close enough to nonjewish neighbors to have a friendly relationship. it's seen as a good american value to send kids to shul, and the conservative movement gains a push because a lot of people have to drive to get there.
midurbia: queens - move locations within nyc. both upper and lower middle class neighborhoods; air conditioning changes character of the city. face many of the same problems religiously as the suburban people, but jewish character remains strong; grand concourse retains strong jewish flavor up until 1970s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| builds highway through jewish neighborhood in the 50s. the more affluent jews leave; the poorer ones have to stay. projects go up and poor blacks from the south move in, and the environment is bad - fearful, full of crime, with fuel for racial tensions. |
|
|
