Term
Science-
The 4 components
SEEF |
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Definition
| Source (chemical), Fate( environment), Exposure(receptor), Effect (predisposition |
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Term
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Definition
- Allows government to step in, when issues pertain to water, and air pollution
-Environmental Emergencies
- Allows protection federal and Aborginial lands |
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Term
NPRI
National Pollutant Release Inventory |
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Definition
- establihed in 92, now under CEPA in 1999
report information releases and transfers of toxic pollutants.
- Voluntary |
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Term
| FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS RESPONSIBLE.. |
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Definition
-CriminaL LAW, fisheries, spending& taxation.
- The des can intervene in very specific issues
1) THe Oldman dam (fisheries)
2) Hydro Quebec (Criminal law)
3) Zellerbach- (national concern doctorine it grew to a national issue
- pulp firm. provinical inability test- province's failure to deal effectively with the matter within its borders would adversely effect interest beyond its borders. |
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Term
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Definition
Natural resources,
Municipal Institutions
Property and civil rights
Public Health
Education |
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Term
Rachel Carson 60's
Silent Spring |
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Definition
| Issue with environment, first wave of environmental activisim |
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Term
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Definition
Algamated everything, toxic substances,
air quality regulation, clean air act,
land
- Environment Canada was a result of this.
- fines laid down
- consolidated control over environment,
- how things became disposed of |
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Term
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Definition
1971/ was same time that Environment Canada came up.
amended in 2000, 2002
Cateogizes substances into air pollutatns and green house gasses.
C30 made it based on intensity
new amendment made GG no longer toxic. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pre-Regulation Municiple and Private Common Law 18th Century- 1950's
2. Establishment of a public law framework for the envrionment protection 50's to 1985
3. Regulatory Activisim 85-92
4. Voluntary non-regulatory initaives 92-2000
5. New instruments and Regulatory Ambivalence |
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Term
1. Municiple and Private Common Law phase
18th- Century to 1950's |
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Definition
-municiple role pollution
- 2. provinical interst in resources revenue maximization
- common law |
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Term
2. Establishment of Public Environmental Law 1950's-1985's
MAJOR POINTS
Bipartie Bargaining- negotiation no prosecution
some sucess with dealing with conventions |
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Definition
weakness in common law approaches
- emergence of env. as public policy issue
- Municipal incapactiy
- Enactment of provincial enviro. Protection Statues. Ontario Environment ACT 1971
- Establishment of ministries of the environment 1972
-state can impose terms and conditions on polluting activities, court imposed penalities for violators |
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Term
3.Regulatory Activism
1985-1992 |
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Definition
2nd wave of public concern for envrionment
- 1992 Rio confrence and Sustainable development
- need to adress non conventional pollutants
1. CEPA 1988
2. CEPA 1992
3. Regulatory initatives (ACID rain) 1986
- phase out of PCB's adn CFC's
water pollution continue.
Agressive approaches to environment.
-Fines for environment peak |
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Term
4. Age OF Voluntary non-regulatory initiavies
1992-2002 |
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Definition
Agreement covenant
-Challenge: programs voluntary
- Emergence of of sustainable development concept
- Expenditure reduction of gov.
-Policy barriers to regulatory action - prov. government control land usage |
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Term
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Definition
- People were living ontop of a dump..
70's, one of the reasons for the rise in activisim |
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Term
| Possible reproductive effects |
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Definition
- reduction in birth weight, head circumfrence
- pre term birth
10-20% more likely to have a preterm birth if living near a major roadway |
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Term
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Definition
- NAESS feels that many academics are constrained by institutional requirements
- They should therefore take a deep ecology perspective
- The most basic premise of deep ecology is that nature has intrinsic value
- Anthropocentricsim fails to acknowledge our current ecological crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
-Feminism and ecology are inseperable
- domination of patriarchy linked to domination of man over land
- King strives for 1)transcendance and 2)praxis,
1)misogny is eradicated, therefore the nature culture divide is not present
2) Praxis' the counterpoint where practice and theory are one. example participating in demonstrations.. |
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Term
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Definition
-The world is an organisim because it goes through the process of endyosymbosis.
-Cooperation is more important that competetion and ensures homosetatis. |
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Term
THOMAS BERRY
CENOZIC TO ECOZOIC |
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Definition
- we should adapt a listening approach,
- he represents the cosmocentric approach
- ecozoic era means we will tkae our place as a memeber of the ecological community |
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Term
Interests Groups
Pembina group |
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Definition
Interest groups arose out logic of collective action
-group arose as a community response to the lodgepool sour gasdisaster in alberta which killed two people and was the largest inquiry in canadain history |
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Term
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Definition
-operates on heat tranfer
- uses a U tube |
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Term
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Definition
- Coarse particles filtered out the nose
- The smaller the particle the deeper it goes down into the lungs
- So2 is highly soluble and is absorbed in the upper respiratory tract where it reacts with 02 to create sulfuric acid
- nOX, co, 03- less soluable, they go into your lugs and aveiloil and info the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
Lost Productivity
- time lost due to treatments and recovery, valued at the going wage rate
374 million expected to increase
HEALTH CARE COST
cost of institutional care and medication
507 million expected to increase to 702 million by 2026
PAIN and SUFFERING
what ppl are willing to pay to avod pain and suffering. 537 Million
LOSS OF LIFE
Premature death- willing to pay to reduce risk
6.4 billion
total 7.8 Billion |
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Term
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Definition
environment minister at the federal level
-brough in after Rona Ambrose to fix imiage
- Has recently commented that kyoto would manufacture a recession, has said will release a realistic plan |
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Term
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Definition
Current leader of the green party in Canada, former director of sierra club
- Running in Nova Scotia against P. Mackay, teamin up w/ Stephane Dion. |
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Term
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Definition
temperature increases higher altitude,
not suppose, to if stays over industrial area just causes smog, trapping smog no wind.
Temperature Inversion: a condition in which temperature increases with altitude instead of decreasing like it normally should. It is dissapated with sunrise as air near the ground warms again. It this happens over an industrial area it will result in severe smog, ie. the London Smog of 1952, 4000 people died. |
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Term
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Definition
• as population and industrialization grow the production and emissions of harmful compounds is accelerating
• Serious polluters go to places where the laws are weak
• Pollution control generally takes a back seat to jobs and buisness development |
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Term
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Definition
• Simulates as closely as possible the conditions that exist in the real atmosphere
• Reactions sometimes occur on chmaber wall
• difficult to reproduce sunlight exactly |
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Term
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Definition
Indoor air pollution
• Based on socioeconomic position, where you live, the age of the house
• cleaning products emit VOCs
• Building materials, ie. asbestos
• We spend 22/24 hours indoors
• Tobacco smoke, VOCs from households cleaners
• Houses are now more airtight than they used to be
• Ventilation rate
• Toddlers are the most exposed |
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Term
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Definition
Reactive chemicals
• SO2
• NOx
• VOCs
• CO |
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Term
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Definition
• metals
• PAH
• CFCs
• Soot or black carbon |
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Term
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Definition
Relating to lack of adequate blood flow and therefore deficiency in oxygenation of a body part
• Low value housing is often situated near major road |
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Term
Pollutants
PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY |
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Definition
• Primary pollutants are emitted from sources ie. NOx from cars
• Secondary pollutants occur when chemicals in the atmosphere react with the primary pollutants. These chemical reactions can be trggered by light and heat |
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Term
Sources of Pollutants
Local
Municiple
Industry
Regional |
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Definition
• Combustion
• mobile
• stationary
• Industry
• point sources ie. a smoke stack
• fugitive ie. leaks
• Municipal
• incinerators |
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Term
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Definition
• Vertical bore hole
• 35 to 100 metres deep
• There is a "u" tube that goes down containing heat transfer fluid (water and alcohol mix)
• in some places old mines or caverns can be used
• Ground water geothermal system
• Could use area under roads for a community based system
• Deeplake cooling system, used in downtown Toronto buildings
• Horizontal slinky system, located 2 m below the frost line where heat exchange will take place, covers a lot of area |
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Term
7 Key Pollutants
PM, 03, nH3, NOx, CO, SO2,VOC's |
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Definition
• PM, particulate matter, comes from cars and diesel, car be solid or liquid, difficult to exhale, comes from transportation, industrial process, residential, smelters
• O3, Ground level ozone
• NH3, ammonia, emitted mainly from animal waste and fertilizers
• NOx, oxides of nitrogen, emitted from combustion process as fuel and air mix, both creates and scavenges O3, mainly from road vehicles
• CO, formed from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, 56% from road vehicles
• SO2, combustion biproduct formed from S in fuels and O2 in the air, oxidizes to form sulphate and sulphuric acid
mainly from smelters
mainly from smelters
• VOCs, evaporates from liquids such as solvents or fuels, participates in ozone formation, comes from industrial process, transporation, solvent use, paints varnishes
• Emissions do not vary much from year to year, what varies in the heat, this will determine the effect that the pollutants have.
• Ozone excedence days increase with temperature increase. |
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Term
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Definition
• NOx comes from cars and scavenges ozone, therefore there is lower ozone near the highways
• higher ozone away from lots of traffic
• Early morning: emissions of CO and NOx are the greatest, the winds are a often stagnant
• Midday: Primary pollutants are photochemically transformed into NO2 and O3 --> smog, through sunlight and heat
• Evening: Commuter traffic builds up again and primary pollutants are emitted but since the sun is not as strong little smog is produced. and ozone concentrations begin to fall
• Particulate matter won't travel as far as gases, ozone travels the farthest
• Ozone levels are lower in the winter than in the summer
• Optimal production of ozone, ration of 8 VOCs to 1 NOx, we need to reduce NOx in urban areas and VOCS in rural areas |
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Term
Dissecting Smog
sources ect |
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Definition
• sources ie. vehicle and industry
• Timing, emissions in the morning are much more effective at causing smog than emissions in the evening
• Distribution of Sources, will determine concentration
• Prevailing meteorology, the most favorable conditions for smog are clear sunny skies, warm temperatures, unfortunately these are desirable
• geographic characteristics, water or mountains can make a difference in how far pollution travels
• Urban demographics, how educated or wealthy an area is |
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Term
EAA
(environment Assement Act)
1995 came into force
USES THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE!! |
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Definition
- ensure effects are carefully viewed of any project
- promote sustainable development
- promotes communication
-oppertunity for public participation
-used to asess when government is involved |
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