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Battle of Kadesh and Treaty
Battle of Kadesh- The Battle of Kadesh (also Qadesh) took place between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II at the city of Kadesh on the Orontes River, in what is now the Syrian Arab Republic.
The battle is generally dated to 1274 BC. It was probably the largest chariot battle ever fought, involving perhaps 5,000–6,000 chariots.
Treaty-Silver Treaty of 1259 over border between both empires |
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(expulsion of Hyksos)
Empire in Canaan & Syria
Amarna Period (letters) - ‘apiru |
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Aegean origins (pottery is monochrome)
9 tribal groups of raiders and mercenaries
Downfall of Hittite Empire, Syrian kingdoms (Amurru, Ugarit) |
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5 city kingdoms along S. coast of Canaan
- Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath
• Known from Hebrew Bible
- nemesis of Israel in Judges through early monarchic period (David subdues them) |
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Ugaritic Literature-Akkadian script primarily Alphabetic Ugaritic script utilizing simple Akkadian signs
1. Literary Texts
- Baal Cycle, Story of Keret, Story of Aqhat
2. Ritual Texts
sacrifices, lists of deities, extispicy
3. Letters
royal, societal correspondence
4. Administrative Texts
- receipts, distribution, taxes, inventories, legal |
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