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Jerry Larson History of Arch (Test 2)
Modernism and Form: History of Architecture, Gerald Larson
303
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2014

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Cards

Term
What does Larson credit for having inspired Richardson to eliminate the horizontal banding in his elevations in favor of one continuous surface?
Definition
Shingles
Term
List three factors that influenced the final site plan of the Glessner House:
Definition
-South facing courtyard for light
-Safety, class war in Chicago
-Servant hall buffer from street and northern winds
Term
A checkerboard pattern of square stones created by alternating dark and light stones was a characteristic motif in the early work of ________________.
Definition
Richardson
Term
The term used by many 19th Century American architects used to describe the quality they were searching for in their designs was _________________.
Definition
Repose
Term
Sketch the site plan of the Glessner House, including a North arrow:
Definition
[image]
Term
What reason did Richardson give for choosing the Romanesque as his point of inspiration for his work?
Definition
still had potential, prematurely cut off by development of Gothic
Term
What building was first responsible for establishing Richardson as a national-known architect?
Definition
Trinity Church
Term
There were three libraries by Richardson shown in lecture. Sketch the concept of the floor plan that was repeated in all three projects:
Definition
[image]
Term
Sketch the transverse section of the Glessner House, including the sun angles:
Definition
[image]
Term
Which material first led Richardson to eliminate the horizontal layering of his elevations?
Definition
Shingles
Term
The atrium skylight in a single-loaded corridor office building would be located at the _____________.
Definition
Top, center of building
Term
Besides the Roman house, what was the other historical precedent for the interior atrium of 19th Century skyscrapers?
Definition
Renaissance palazzo
Term
Sketch the standard massing scheme of a New York skyscraper designed in the 1870s:
Definition
[image]
Term
The style closest to describing the Equitable Life Insurance Building was _______________.
Definition
2nd empire
Term
Why is the Equitable Building considered by many historians to be the first skyscraper?
Definition
Elevator increased the floor to floor height
Term
The first skyscraper designed (but not built) for Chicago was the _______________.
Definition
Kendall Building
Term
The Renaissance palazzo provided what two precedents for the early skyscraper:
Definition
Planning, elevations, and massing
Term
________________ was the tallest building under construction in the U.S. during the last 25 years of the 19th Century.
Definition
Philadelphia City Hall
Term
________________ is now being given credit for designing what most historians regard as the first skyscraper in the U.S.
Definition
Post
Term
_______________ would have been the first skyscraper erected in Chicago had the 1871 fire not occurred.
Definition
Kendall Building
Term
What was the conventional color scheme of many of the buildings designed in the U.S. during the 1870s?
Definition
Polychrome, red and gray stone
Term
The tallest building (exclude any "structures") under construction in the U.S. during the 1870s was?
Definition
Philadelphia City Hall
Term
What was the geopolitical significance of Chicago's location at the time of its founding?
Definition
Link between Great Lakes and Mississippi River
Term
Name two 19th century American writers whose search for an American style paralleled the work of Richardson, Root, and Sullivan:
Definition
-Twain
-Whitman
Term
What two advantages did Root's iron reinforced pad foundation have over the traditional foundations of the time?
Definition
-Less depth needed
-Saved weight by eliminating stone pyramid
Term
Was Richardson responsible for bringing the "box" to Chicago? Explain.
Definition
No, Root did it before Richardson, Richardson improved form
Term
According to Larson, the major departure from Root's prior designs in Richardson's design of the Marshall Field Wholesale Store was _______________.
Definition
eliminates layering of floors, creates vertical emphasis
Term
List three technical innovations incorporated in the design and construction of the Rookery:
Definition
-elevation with iron skeletal frame, single width of bricks
-modern concrete pad foundation
-terra cotta fire proofing
Term
What was a difference between the massing of a 1870s skyscraper in New York and a 1880s skyscraper in Chicago?
Definition
New York: topped with tower to gain height
Chicago: simple extrusion of lot, didn't need "high profile" image
Term
Name two buildings that used the progression of layered arcades as their elevational idea prior to the Field Wholesale store:
Definition
-New York Tribune Building
-New York Produce Exchange
Term
The first skyscraper built in Chicago, the _______________, was designed by ______________.
Definition
Montauk Block, Burnham & Root
Term
Larson credits Richardson with what achievement in the design of the Field Wholesale store?
Definition
Elimination of demarkation of floors in the middle of the body of the building
Term
The atrium skylight in the Rookery is located at the ______________.
Definition
Center, second floor
Term
List two technical firsts developed by Root that allowed the skyscraper to evolve in Chicago:
Definition
-Non load bearing masonry wall with iron skeletal frame
-Pad foundation instead of previous pyramid style
Term
The _______________ was the last tall masonry bearing wall office building erected in Chicago.
Definition
Monadnock
Term
The first use of iron columns in the exterior of a skyscraper was the _______________.
Definition
Shillito's Department Store
Term
_______________ was the leading figure in the first Chicago School, who was responsible for the design of more skyscrapers than the rest of the school's figures combined.
Definition
Root
Term
List three major architectural firms of the Chicago School that were in practice from 1881-1891.
Definition
-Adler & Sullivan
-Burnham & Root
-Holabird & Roche
Term
Draw a "Chicago window."
Definition
[image]
Term
What was the primary reason for the lack of ornament in the Montauk and Monadnock Blocks?
Definition
Office buildings meant to be functional, not corporate headquarters with lots of money, would just get covered by Chicago grime anyway
Term
The architect who was the first to be granted a U.S. patent for iron framing in skyscrapers was:
Definition
Buffington
Term
The atrium skylight in the Masonic Temple was located at the ______________.
Definition
21st story, center of building, double loaded corridor
Term
The model for the design of the elevations of the First Leiter Building was ______________.
Definition
Shillito's Department Store
Term
If Chicago cannot claim to have been the birthplace of the iron frame, what technical achievement central to the evolution of the skyscraper can it call its own?
Definition
Bringing iron back to exterior, developing lightweight fireproofing system
Term
What does Larson credit Root with having pioneered in the design of the elevations of the Monadnock and Masonic Temple?
Definition
Monadnock: bearing wall
Masonic Temple: iron skeletal frame
Term
Is Sullivan's design of the Wainright Building's elevations honest? Why?
Definition
No, unnecessary heavy corner piers, doesn't express true structural integrity
Term
The leading figure of the Chicago School was ______________.
Definition
Root
Term
List three conceptual ways to design the elevation of a skeletal-framed skyscraper based on rational factors:
Definition
-Empasize "cage" of structure
-Vertical emphasis (columns)
-Horizontal emphasis (windows/floors)
Term
What two skyscrapers represent Root's ultimate achievement of using the building's structural system as the primary basis for the design of a skyscraper's elevation?
Definition
-Monadnock
-Masonic Temple
Term
The construction technique of the exterior of the Tacoma Building was first used in the _____________.
Definition
Home Insurance Building
Term
List three ways in which weight was reduced in the construction of Chicago skyscrapers which enabled them to be built taller on the city's relatively weak soil:
Definition
-Replace masonry floor arches with flat-arched, hollow tile floors
-Replace masonry bearing walls with iron skeletal frame
-Replace brick exterior with lightweight terra cotta
Term
The first use of iron columns in the exterior of a skyscraper was the _______________.
Definition
Shillito's Department Store
Term
The tallest atrium constructed in the 19th Century was in the ________________.
Definition
Masonic Temple
Term
The tallest building erected in Chicago during the First Chicago School was the ________________.
Definition
Masonic Temple
Term
Following his dictum "Form follows Function," Sullivan designed all the exterior columns in the Wainwright Building as ________________ elements.
Definition
vertical
Term
The tallest atrium designed by Root was in the __________________.
Definition
Masonic Temple
Term
What building in Chicago was almost a direct copy of the Shillito's Store? Who was its architect?
Definition
First Leiter Building, Jenney
Term
The first exterior use of the Rookery atrium's hung-masonry curtain wall was on the _____________. Who was its architect?
Definition
Tacoma Building, Holabird & Roche
Term
What two differences were there in Buffington's patent that proves he was not influenced by the Home Insurance Building:
Definition
-Wrought iron plates riveted together
-Buffington's masonry independent
Term
Sullivan's best-remembered phrase was:
Definition
"Form follows function."
Term
Draw a section of a Phoenix column and describe how it was fabricated.
Definition
[image]
Term
What was the major difference in the way Wright designed the interiors of his houses versus those of his institutional buildings during his Prairie House period?
Definition
Institutional: deny visual contact with ground, direct eye vertically to sky
Houses: open out into horizontal expanse of exterior
Term
Define inglenook. What was the symbolism intended by Wright when he used it?
Definition
Hearth/fireplace; Symbol of family, anchors composition and denies axis
Term
The only two non-residential buildings designed by Wright during his Prairie School phase that were constructed were:
Definition
-Larkin Building
-Unity Temple
Term
Sketch the site plan and pedestrian approach of the Robie House.
Definition
[image]
Term
Sketch the movement sequence from entry to sanctuary to Fellowship Hall in Unity Temple.
Definition
[image]
Term
Describe why and how Wright used ornamental banding in his interiors.
Definition
Trim would turn corner and make it continuous instead of stopping it, emphasize horizontal and space rather than planes of wall
Term
What was Wright's view of contemporary technology with respect to his designs?
Definition
In favor of and up to date with technology, but saw no reason to derive aesthetic of building solely from it
Term
The type of geometric organization used in the plans of Wright's prairie houses is known as the _______________.
Definition
Tartan grid
Term
List three influences on the development of Wright's design process that occured prior to the start of his Prairie houses:
Definition
-Froebel Blocks
-Sullivan's philosophy
-Wisconsin prairie
Term
Draw and explain Wright's detailing of the brick in the Robie House.
Definition
[image]
Term
List two details that Wright used to impart a horizontal accent to the exteriors of his Prairie Houses.
Definition
-Match color of vertical grout with brick -Vertical grout flush with brick, horizontal grout set back
Term
Diagram (major spaces only) the plan of the Larkin Building.
Definition
[image]
Term
The term used to describe the geometry of the plans Wright's Prairie Houses is _____________.
Definition
Pinwheel
Term
Sketch the floor plan of Unity Temple.
Definition
[image]
Term
List three characteristics of Wright's Prairie Houses:
Definition
-Horizontal layering -Central hearth/inglenook -Non axial plan
Term
Sketch a vertical transverse cross-section of the central office space in the Larkin Building.
Definition
[image]
Term
Define Fin de siècle.
Definition
End of the century
Term
Define Ukiyo-e.
Definition
"pictures of the floating world," Japanese woodblock prints
Term
What two structural elements unique to his time did Gaudi employ in many of his buildings?
Definition
-Parabolic curve
-Inclined/slanted columns
Term
Hector Guimard is best known for the design of the _____________.
Definition
Paris Subway Stations
Term
Why did Gaudi incline his columns?
Definition
Minimize thrust
Term
The other major Belgian Art Nouveau architect besides Horta was _____________.
Definition
Van de Velde
Term
The trademark formal element of Art Nouveau was the _______________.
Definition
Whiplash/curvilinear line
Term
What theoretician was very influential on the work of Victor Horta? _______________.
Definition
Viollet-le-Duc
Term
Describe Gaudi's technique of structural analysis and design.
Definition
Used fishing wire and weights to determine forces on arch
Term
The German equivalent of Art Nouveau was called _______________.
Definition
Jugendstil
Term
List three architectural movements in the 19th Century that we have studied this quarter that were manifestations of the rise of nationalism:
Definition
-National Romanticism
-Art Nouveau
-Arts and Crafts
Term
The Paris subway stations were designed by ______________.
Definition
Guimard
Term
The theoretician who had the greatest influence on the development of Art Nouveau architecture was:
Definition
Viollet-le-Duc
Term
Gaudi's patron in Barcelona was ______________.
Definition
Guell
Term
Victor Horta is known for what style of architecture?
Definition
Art Nouveau
Term
A distinguishing motif of Art Nouveau was the _____________.
Definition
Whiplash/curvilinear line
Term
The arches used by Gaudi had a ______________ profile.
Definition
Parabolic
Term
Art Nouveau architecture originated in what country?
Definition
Belgium
Term
The architect known for his wire and fishing weight models used to determine the structure of his buildings was ______________.
Definition
Gaudi
Term
What project by Mackintosh exhibited at the Secession had a profound influence on these designers?
Definition
House for an Art Lover
Term
The nickname given to the group of four designers centered around Mackintosh because of the colors and forms they used was the ________________.
Definition
Spook School or Glasgow Four
Term
Margaret McDonald's signature motif was the ______________.
Definition
Rosebud
Term
The city that was the center of German applied arts and the home of the Ernst Ludwig school of art was _______________.
Definition
Darmstadt
Term
What influence did Glasgow have on Mackintosh's design approach?
Definition
Ship building and luxury liners, promoted efficient spatial design and technological integration
Term
The architect of the Secession building was ______________.
Definition
Olbrich
Term
The winner of the competition for the Vienna subway system was ______________.
Definition
Wagner
Term
Describe Mackintosh's approach to the design of interior spaces.
Definition
Create total interiors by establishing, developing, and amplifying theme throughout the space and its contained objects
Term
Compare Hoffmann's approach in design of surface and volume with that of Wright's.
Definition
Hoffman: used planes and emphasized corner
Wright: used masses and deemphasized corner
Term
What city did Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig try to make into a German "Athens?"
Definition
Darmstadt
Term
Name the firm that Joseph Hoffmann helped to start that produced high quality objects and furnishings for houses.
Definition
Wiener Werkstatte
Term
________________ was the "father figure" of the Secessionists.
Definition
Wagner
Term
The painter who collaborated with Olbrich in the design of the Secession Building was _______________.
Definition
Klimt
Term
The Secessionists were located in what city?
Definition
Vienna
Term
The two people responsible for the design of the Secession Building were:
Definition
-Olbrich
-Klimt
Term
Charles Rennie Mackintosh had a connection with which continental European art movement?
Definition
Secessionalism
Term
The elevational treatment used in the entrance facade of Grundtvig church is best described as______________. Where did this form originate in Denmark?
Definition
Stepped gable; Copenhagen/local churches
Term
What device is used in the Stockholm City Hall to link it with the adjacent lake?
Definition
Open arcade, see water from ground level
Term
List two precedents for Saarinen's final design of the main entry in the Helsinki Railroad Station:
Definition
-Sullivan Golden Door
-Olbrich's Ernst Ludwig House
Term
The Kallio Church was designed by ______________.
Definition
Sonck
Term
Describe the elevational treatment Saarinen typically used in the towers of his Finnish buildings:
Definition
Slightly stepped vertical tower, horizontal massing, heavy corner bookends
Term
The building typically credited with the start of the National Romantic movement in Scandinavia is _____________.
Definition
Copenhagen City Hall
Term
The Tampere Cathedral was designed by _____________.
Definition
Sonck
Term
"The arrangement of a vertical force against a contrasting and balancing horizontal volume" best describes the compositional theory employed by _______________.
Definition
Saarinen
Term
The movement in Scandinavia at the turn of the century that was a genuine attempt to interpret the indigenous tradition of each of the respective countries is referred to as ________________.
Definition
National Romantic
Term
List two reasons why Saarinen preferred to incorporate a vertical element in the massing of his buildings:
Definition
-Anchor in landscape
-Contrast/balance with horizontal base
Term
The style that evolved in Finland to express and preserve the indigenous culture in the face of increasing pressure by the czar to 'russify' Finland was _______________.
Definition
National Romantic
Term
Saarinen's favorite interior color was _______________.
Definition
Green
Term
The typical Saarinen formal composition incorporated a _____________ element to _______________.
Definition
vertical, anchor building and balance horizontals
Term
________________ is the name of residential compound of Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen.
Definition
Hvittrask
Term
"Hvittrask" was the name given to the residential complex of _________________.
Definition
Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen
Term
What three architects does GSL stand for?
Definition
Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen
Term
What two things were necessary to be developed in the late 18th/early 19th centuries to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures?
Definition
-Hydraulic cement
-Reinforcing
Term
List three reasons why Larson considers reinforced concrete, and not iron, to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture:
Definition
-No precedent, new concept
-Plastic, could take almost any shape
-Could cantilever, columns no longer needed
Term
Ernest Ransome's concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what French pioneer in concrete?
Definition
Coignet
Term
The first important French contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the Franco-Prussian War was:
Definition
Coignet
Term
The architect chosen by Henry Ford to design his factories in Detroit was _________________.
Definition
Kahn
Term
What economic advantage did the Hennebique system enjoy in Paris?
Definition
Thinner floors allowed extra floor to be added
Term
What was the secret of Roman cement that was rediscovered in the 19th Century?
Definition
Hydraulic properties of Pouzzoli cement, chemical composition that allowed it to internally harden without being exposed to atmosphere
Term
The French rationalist tradition, started by Soufflot, and best represented by the work of Perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles?
Definition
-Greek
-Gothic
Term
What other theoretician, besides Viollet-le-Duc, influenced the work of Perret?
Definition
Choisy
Term
What two theoreticians influenced the work of Perret?
Definition
-Viollet-le-Duc
-Choisy
Term
The architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the first automobile factories in Detroit was _______________.
Definition
Kahn
Term
The first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the ______________.
Definition
Ingalls building
Term
The Swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched, three-hinged concrete bridges was _____________.
Definition
Maillart
Term
Portland Cement was first invented in which country?
Definition
England
Term
The demise of terra-cotta fireproofing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of _______________.
Definition
San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
Term
In which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed?
Definition
France
Term
What advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron from the viewpoint of structural rationalists?
Definition
No fireproofing meant exposed tructure, iron had to be covered and fireproofed
Term
Which French engineer built an international concrete company after the Franco-Prussian War?
Definition
Hennebique
Term
What was the name of Tony Garnier's socialist utopian city which employed concrete housing and solar power?
Definition
Cité Industrielle
Term
What is generally regarded as the first American reinforced concrete building?
Definition
William Ward's Concrete Castle
Term
The German architectural theorist who noted the inferior quality of German manufactured goods at the 1851 World's Fair was _________________.
Definition
Semper
Term
What past style did Semper champion as being capable of further development?
Definition
Romanesque
Term
What was the precedent for the Brandenburg Gate?
Definition
Athenian Propylaea
Term
The first theoretician to speculate about the woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall was _____________.
Definition
Semper
Term
The German artist usually credited as having coined the term “gesamtkunstwerk” is ________________.
Definition
Wagner
Term
The Wasmuth Volumes documented the early work of ______________.
Definition
Wright
Term
The German architectural writer who mythologized the English Arts and Crafts house at the term of the century was ________________.
Definition
Muthesius
Term
Gropius was responsible for what building at the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition?
Definition
Model Factory
Term
Name two leading designers that were placed in charge of a major German school of design prior to WWI.
Definition
-Behrens
-Paul
Term
Loos' major criticism of the Deutscher Werkbund was that it ____________________.
Definition
Attempted to artistically misrepresent the reality of the object they were trying to improve
Term
The Deutscher Werkbund chose _______________ to design the model factory for its 1914 Cologne exhibition. The final design was influenced by what Wright building?
Definition
Gropius, Mason City Bank
Term
AEG of Germany hired _______________ to redesign its entire image, production, and buildings.
Definition
Behrens
Term
One of the three founders of the Deutscher Werkbund was __________________.
Definition
Muthesius
Term
"Das Englische Haus" was written by _________________.
Definition
Muthesius
Term
What was the primary difference in intention between a Kahn-designed factory and the Behrens-designed AEG factory?
Definition
Kahn: just a building
Behrens: building but also transcended to make art
Term
The ________________ was founded to encourage the improvement of machine production in Germany.
Definition
Deutscher Werkbund
Term
Behrens was greatly influenced by which philosopher?
Definition
Nietzsche
Term
Herman Muthesius used which type of building as the model for Germany to emulate in order to improve its building design?
Definition
English Arts and Crafts Houses
Term
How can one view the design of the Fagus factory as an inverse of the AEG Turbine factory?
Definition
Fagus: lack of/transparent corner, pushes structure in
AEG: solid corner, pulls structure out
Term
The Fagus Works was designed by _________________.
Definition
Gropius
Term
In what three shapes did Cezanne say that nature reveals itself?
Definition
Cone, sphere, cylinder
Term
The Futurist Manifesto was written by _______________.
Definition
Marinetti
Term
List two factors which occurred prior to 1860 that influenced the evolution towards abstraction on modern painting:
Definition
-Japanese prints
-Invention of camera
Term
The primary objective of Cubist painting was _______________.
Definition
Destroy conventional single-view painting
Term
What three shapes did Cubists painters employ in their paintings?
Definition
Circle, square, triangle
Term
Name a Cubist painter:
Definition
Picasso
Term
__________________ is the name given to a group of radical Italian designers who were prominent just prior to the start of WWI.
Definition
Futurists
Term
The Futurist movement was centered in _________________.
Definition
Italy
Term
What was one of the compositional goals of Cubist paintings?
Definition
Imply movement/time within the picture plane
Term
"Concerning the Spiritual in Art" was written by _____________.
Definition
Kandinsky
Term
The first Expressionist glass skyscraper was designed by _______________.
Definition
Mies
Term
_______________ designed the Weimar government's new research tower for Einstein.
Definition
Mendelssohn
Term
______________ designed the second Goetheanum.
Definition
Steiner
Term
List three buildings at the Werkbund’s 1914 Cologne exhibition that represented the three main movements in German architecture prior to the start of WWI.
Definition
-Glass pavilion
-Model factory
-Model theater
Term
What was the 'crystal chain?'
Definition
Group of underground expressionist artists in Germany
Term
Did Mies extrude the lotlines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals? Why?
Definition
No, crystallized floorplan to reflect light into the street
Term
The designer of the German Glass Industry Pavilion at the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund exhibition was _______________.
Definition
Taut
Term
Give an example of a different German Expressionist architect who designed in each of the following materials:
glass, brick,and dynamism (concrete).
Definition
Glass: Taut
Brick: Poelzig
Dynamism (concrete): Berg
Term
Why was the cathedral viewed as the ideal historic building type for the German Expressionists?
Definition
all arts came together (architecture, sculpture, painting)
Term
________________ was the major building project that focused the energies of German expressionists immediately following the end of WWI.
Definition
Cathedral of Socialism
Term
The Chilehaus in Hamburg was designed by ______________.
Definition
Höger
Term
The author of "Glass Architecture" was ________________.
Definition
Scheerbart
Term
The Cathedral of Socialism was the ultimate goal of what movement?
Definition
Expressionism
Term
The Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin was designed by _______________.
Definition
Poelzig
Term
Sketch the typical elevational/massing scheme for an Art Deco skyscraper.
Definition
[image]
Term
The traditional atrium in 19th century skyscrapers was quickly replaced by ________________.
Definition
Elevators
Term
List three influences on the Art Deco skyscraper that came from Europe:
Definition
-1925 Paris World's Fair
-German Expressionism
-Saarinen's stepped towers
Term
The second-place winner of the Chicago Tribune competition was ________________.
Definition
Saarinen
Term
What World's Fair (date and city) played a pivotal role in the development of Art Deco in the US?
Definition
Paris, 1925
Term
What building project finally forced New York to initiate proceedings toward a zoning code that would limit the size of skyscrapers?
Definition
Equitable Building
Term
The conte crayon renderings of the design potential of the 1916 New York zoning code were drawn by ________________.
Definition
Ferris
Term
"The Autobiography of an Idea" was written by _____________.
Definition
Sullivan
Term
The first Neo-Gothic skyscraper to break the stranglehold of Neo-Classicism in New York City was the ________________.
Definition
Woolworth Building
Term
List two precedents for the ornament used on the Art Deco skyscraper.
Definition
-Chicago School
-German Expressionism
Term
List two precedents for the massing of the Art Deco skyscraper.
Definition
-NYC zoning code
-Masonic Temple
Term
_________________ designed the Nebraska state Capitol.
Definition
Goodhue
Term
________________ designed the Singer Building, the first U.S. building to break the 600' mark.
Definition
Flagg
Term
The style of the Woolworth Building in New York City designed by Cass Gilbert can best be described as ________________.
Definition
Neo-Gothic
Term
The building that forced New York City to enact a zoning code in 1916 was designed by _______________.
Definition
Graham
Term
Ernest Flagg's design of the Singer Building in New York can best be described as _______________.
Definition
Neo-classical tower
Term
The Chicago Tribune competition was won by ______________.
Definition
Hood & Howells
Term
The European city that was the inspiration for Wiley Corbet's and Hugh Ferris' multi-level city studies was ______________.
Definition
Venice
Term
Art Deco was based on rejecting contemporary technology and using the vocabulary of "traditional" architecture. (T/F)
Definition
False
Term
Wright would later state that he was influenced by _____________ in the design of his Californian "knit-block" houses.
Definition
South American Architecture (Aztec, Incan, Mayan)
Term
Wright designed two highrise projects in the 1920s. They are:
Definition
-National Life Insurance Building
-Price Tower
Term
_______________ designed the First Church, Christ the Scientist in Berkeley.
Definition
Maybeck
Term
Describe how Wright achieved a two-story living area in the apartments in his proposed tower for St. Mark's in the Bowrie:
Definition
Cantilevered floors off single core, allowed for two story spaces
Term
_________________ is noted as the first American architect to completely eschew the use of all ornament in his designs in favor of an asymmetrical massing of rectilinear forms with smooth, white-washed walls with frameless windows.
Definition
Gill
Term
________________ is best known for his eclecticism, being able to synthesize a diverse collection of stylistic elements with the technology of the day, including such off-the-shelf materials as industrial metal sash and sheet asbestos panels.
Definition
Maybeck
Term
The term that best describes the style of buildings designed by Bernard Maybeck is:
Definition
Eclecticism
Term
The type of California house that influenced the work of Greene and Greene was known as the:
Definition
Bungalow
Term
Describe "knit-block" construction:
Definition
Decorative concrete blocks stacked on top of eachother
Term
One of the major differences between the houses designed by Wright and those designed by Greene and Greene was that Wright used ____________ (type of) roofs while Greene and Greene used _____________ roofs.
Definition
hipped, gabled
Term
"There is something very restful and satisfying to my mind in the simple cube house with creamy walls, sheer and plain, rising boldly into the sky, unrelieved by cornices or overhang of roof," is a quote by _____________ which describes his inner feelings of his residential designs.
Definition
Gill
Term
List three precautions Wright designed into the Imperial Hotel in anticipation of seismic action.
Definition
-Tapered walls
-Friction pile foundation
-Flexible connections
Term
The architect recognized as the master of the early California "bungalow" in which sensuously-detailed wood construction and deep overhanging balconies were used was _______________.
Definition
Greene & Greene
Term
________________ is the name of Wright's compound in Spring Green.
Definition
Taliesin
Term
The architect of the proposed Leningrad Pravda Building in Moscow was ________________.
Definition
Vesnin Brothers
Term
The architect of the Rusakov Worker's Club was _______________.
Definition
Melnikov
Term
Name two avant-garde art movements which emerged in Russia just prior to the Russian revolution and the respective leader of each.
Definition
-Suprematism: Malevich
-Constructivism: Tatlin
Term
Name the two avant-garde architecture movements that emerged in Russia during the leadership of Lenin and an architect from each.
Definition
-Rationalism: Ladovsky
-Constructivism: Tatlin
Term
The spiraling design for the proposed Monument to the Third International was conceived by _______________.
Definition
Tatlin
Term
Constructivist architecture was primarily a product of this country:
Definition
Russia
Term
_________________ was the design school in Communist Russia that preceded the Bauhaus.
Definition
VK
Term
Name a Russian Suprematist painter:
Definition
Malevich
Term
"Prouns," ideograms with a Utopian content, were conceived by _______________.
Definition
Lissitzky
Term
What is a “corner counter-relief”?
Definition
Sculpture installed in corner of room, no front axis
Term
What rationalist approach was manifested in Melnikov’s design of the 1925 USSR pavilion?
Definition
Diagonals to make it appear larger
Term
Who was the first to make “architectons”?
Definition
Malevich
Term
The Leningrad Pravda Building for Moscow was a project designed by _______________.
Definition
Vesnin Brothers
Term
The competition devised by the Soviets as a response to the Chicago Tribune Building competition was:
Definition
Palace of Labor Competition
Term
Describe three details in the Vesnin’s Palace of Labor that identify it as a Constructivist building:
Definition
-Exposed Machinery
-Rayonism
-Asymmetrical
Term
_______________ was the architect invited by Gropius to give the keynote speech at the Bauhaus Week of 1923?
Definition
Oud
Term
Name two abstract painters who played a major role in the aesthetic change in the Bauhaus curriculum:
Definition
-Mondrian
-Van Doesburg
Term
What typeface/font was used in Bauhaus publications after the arrival of Moholy-Nagy?
Definition
Sans Serif
Term
What two avant-garde artists were credited by Larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedagogy from Expressionism to Abstract formalism?
Definition
-Mondrian
-Van Doesburg
Term
Van Doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as a continuous, but non-linear flow of space was ____________.
Definition
Neo-Plasticism
Term
"Towards a Plastic Architecture" was written by _____________.
Definition
Van Doesburg
Term
What was the difference in how Wright approached the design of his interiors and how van Doesburg designed his interiors?
Definition
Wright: continuous flow of space
Van Doesburg: copied Wright's forms but didn't understand reason for them
Term
Neo-Plasticism is a term associated with what movement?
Definition
De Stijl
Term
The De Stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by:
Definition
Mondrian
Term
Describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by Van Doesburg:
Definition
Continuous free flowing space defined by non-touching planes
Term
Name a De Stijl painter:
Definition
Mondrian
Term
The Red-Blue Chair was designed by _______________.
Definition
Rietveld
Term
The Schröder House was designed by _______________.
Definition
Rietveld
Term
Describe the changes made in the first-year design at the Bauhaus made when Maholy-Nagy replaced Itten as the teacher.
Definition
Moved from expressionist to machinist style
Term
What was the major design difference between Mies' Concrete and Brick Country House projects?
Definition
Concrete: separate bays, voids in space between
Brick Country: continuous planes/space, voids cut out
Term
The German term used by German designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was _______________.
Definition
Neue Sachlichkeit
Term
The objective of the Vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was _____________.
Definition
Give everyone a foundation in design, get everyone on same level
Term
The German term that describes the spirit of Mies' Concrete Office Building of 1923 was:
Definition
Neue Sachlichkeit
Term
What architectural theoretician was responsible for the shift in design theory away from Expressionism at the Weimar Bauhaus?
Definition
Maholy-Nagy
Term
Marcel Breuer is best known for the design of the ______________ chair while working at the Bauhaus.
Definition
Wassily
Term
The 'Wassily' chair was designed by ________________.
Definition
Breuer
Term
The Dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was ________________.
Definition
Oud
Term
_____________ was the leading theoretician of the De Stijl movement.
Definition
Van Doesburg
Term
The architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 Weissenhof Siedlung was _______________.
Definition
Mies
Term
_______________ was the major building type that brought the International Style to the forefront of German design in the 1920s.
Definition
Apartment housing
Term
When Walter Gropius assembled his faculty for the Bauhaus School, he drew many of them from which field of expertise?
Definition
Painting
Term
______________ was the director of the trade/design school in Weimar when its name was changed to the Staatliches Bauhaus.
Definition
Gropius
Term
The event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the Bauhaus from Expressionism to "The New Architecture" was _______________.
Definition
Maholy-Nagy replacing Itten
Term
Define Neue Sachlichkeit.
Definition
Realism and functionalism with no need of art
Term
Describe Mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923-1929.
Definition
Asymmetry and defining space through arrangement of free standing planes within rectilinear order
Term
The Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg Monument was designed by _______________.
Definition
Mies
Term
The first building designed by Corbusier that incorporated pilotis was ______________.
Definition
Villa Savoye
Term
The original purpose of the Dom-ino system was to ________________.
Definition
Cheap, quick housing because of WWI
Term
What was the elevational design advantage of the Dom-ino system? Was this the first realization of this advantage?
Definition
Free walls and facades because of cantilever; no, Root did it first
Term
Why did Le Corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses?
Definition
So as not to break flow of space
Term
List two influences on Corbusier's interest in the two-story living space:
Definition
-Parisian art studio
-Parisian restaurant
Term
"A machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of _________________.
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
What three major architectural figures worked in Peter Behrens' office?
Definition
-Gropius
-Mies
-Le Corbusier
Term
List Corbusier's Five Points of a New Architecture:
Definition
-Free plan
-Free facade
-Ribbon window
-Pilotis
-Roof Garden
Term
Le Corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings:
Definition
Architectural promenade
Term
Le Corbusier worked for what two major European figures in pre-WWI Europe which had a marked influence on his career?
Definition
-Perret
-Behrens
Term
The golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied
this period?
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
_________________ was the term Le Corbusier and Ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was a conscious rejection of much of what Cubism represented.
Definition
Purism
Term
"Towards an Architecture" was written by ______________.
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
Sketch the car approach to the ground floor of the Villa Savoye.
Definition
[image]
Term
Draw Le Corbusier's four compositions and name the building which is an example of each.
Definition
[image]
Term
Who was Gregor Paulsson?
Definition
Swedish social reformer/art historian, wanted to change design for middle class, influenced Asplund towards functionalism
Term
The Theme of the 1930 Stockholm Exhibition was _______________.
Definition
Functionalism/Swedish Arts and Crafts
Term
The building designed by Aalto that best represents his interpretation of Corbu's five points is the _____________.
Definition
Turun Sanomat
Term
What was the inspiration for Aalto's design of the interior of the Finnish pavilion at the 1939 World's Fair?
Definition
Northern lights
Term
What did Aalto say the reason was for his incorporating a courtyard in many his projects?
Definition
Giving his clients something for nothing
Term
List two design decisions Aalto made in consideration of the comfort of the patients at the Paimio Sanitarium:
Definition
-Noiseless sinks
-Lights avoid glare
Term
Aalto's first International Style building was the ____________.
Definition
-Turun Sanomat
Term
Aalto's first use of the undulating surface of wood slats was in what building?
Definition
Viipuri Library
Term
The bent-wood "Paimio chair" was designed by ____________.
Definition
Aalto
Term
Sketch the longitudinal section of the major chapel of the Woodland Crematorium.
Definition
[image]
Term
What new science apparently had a great influence on Asplund's designs?
Definition
Psychology
Term
Sketch the overall plan of the Paimio Sanitarium.
Definition
[image]
Term
Why did Asplund incorporate spaces with skewed (non-parallel) walls in his early houses?
Definition
Psychological perception changes (forced perspective), user oriented composition
Term
The name of the firm founded by Maire and Hary Gullichsen to market Aalto-designed home furnishings is _____________.
Definition
Artek
Term
Describe the two design criteria used by Aalto to determine the longitudinal section of the meeting hall in the library in Viipuri.
Definition
-Acoustics
-Hierarchy in seating
Term
Describe Aalto's use of colors on the exterior of the Paimio Sanitarium.
Definition
White building, color "bleeds" wherever he cuts surface
Term
Which space is used by Aalto as the high point or visual anchor of the massing composition in Villa Mairea?
Definition
Studio
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