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| Oxytocin, coagulation, blood pressure= heart failure |
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| Closer to midline “Pinky” |
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| Further from midline “Thunb” |
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| 2 Major divisions of the body |
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| Frontally (coronal), Sagittal, and Transverse (horizontal) |
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| Angle other than 90 degrees |
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| Cheapest and first done. Tells us if there is pneumonia or COPD, air under diaphragm, and broken bones. |
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| Contrast or no contrast. Useful after trauma, bleeding or organ damage, Contrast used to see blockages in intestines. |
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| Most expensive. Used to see organs and soft tissue. Detects rumors from cancer. |
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| Uses sound waves to create picture. Quick and fastest imaging. Only safe imaging in pregnancy. Can determine if surgery is needed. |
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Cranial=Head and Brain
Vertebral=Spinal Cord |
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Thoracic=Chest
Abdominal=Belly
Pelvic |
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Pleural=Lungs
Pericardial=Around the Heart
Mediastinal=Middle: Esophagus, Trachea, Aorta |
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| Spleen and Splenic Fissure of the Colon |
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Right Middle Left
Hypochondriac Epigastric Hypochondriac
Lumbar Umbilical Lumbar
Iliac Hypogastric Iliac |
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| BMP-Basic Metabolic Panel |
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| Electrolytes= Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium |
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| CMP-Complete Metabolic Panel |
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Definition
| Electrolytes, liver function, and creatnine |
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Normal: 135-145
Hyper or Hypo
Natremia |
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Definition
Normal: 3.5-4.5
Hpyer or Hypo
kalemia |
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Definition
Normal: 97-107
Hyper or Hypo
Chloremia |
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Normal: 8-10
Hyper or Hypo
Calcemia |
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| Diabetic Ketoacidosis, diabetic emergency, very high blood glucose |
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| Potassium, fluid, and Insulin |
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Respiratory Acidosis or Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis or Metabolic Alkalosis |
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Definition
1) Look at ABG value, especially pH
2) pH low (Acidosis) pH high (Alkalosis)
3) Respiratory or Metabolic
4) Respiratory=CO2
5) Is CO2 High or Low= Respiratory
6) CO2 Normal=Metabolic=HCO3
7) High pH+High HCO3=Metabolic Alkalosis |
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| 98.6 degrees 97.8-99.1 degrees |
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| 5 Carbons= Ribose RNA and Deoxyribose DNA |
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| 6 Carbons= Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose |
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| Red Blood Cells and the only cell in the body without a nucleus |
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| Smallest filament in a cell and used for movement |
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| Used for cell structure and scaffolding |
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| Intracellular(inside cell) Used for transport and cell division |
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| Pumps Na out of cell and K into the cell, all against the gradient |
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Definition
| Requires no energy. 1) Simple diffusion 2) Fascilitated diffusion 3) Osmosis |
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| Movement of molecules down their concentration gradients from HIGH to LOW. Energy is not required |
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| Diffusion that uses the assistance from a membrane protein |
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| Moves against the gradient from LOW to HIGH and requires energy. 1) Antiporters 2) Symporters |
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| Transport one substance into the cell while transporting a different substance out of the cell: Na/K ATPase |
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Definition
| Transport 2 different substances in the same direction |
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Definition
| Requires energy DIRECTLY from ATP hydrolysis (Na/K ATPase) |
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Term
| Secondart Active Transport |
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Definition
| Energy is obtained INDIRECTLY from ionic gradients created by Primary Active Transport |
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| Consists of carbohydrates(sugars). Cell to cell recognition and allows immune system to recognize “self” vs “nonself” |
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| 1) Tight Junctions 2) Desmosomes 3) Gap Junctions |
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| Cells held tightly together so nothing can leak: stomach, bladder, and intestines |
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| Allow “give” between cells reducing tear under tension: cardiac muscle |
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| Connexons form tunnels that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell, electrical signals are passed quickly from one cell to the next: cardiac and smooth cells |
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Definition
| “Goose bumps” small band of smooth muscles attach to follicle |
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| 3 Major types of Skin Cancer |
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Definition
| Basil Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma |
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Definition
| Most common and least malignant. Cured by surgical removal 99 percent of the time |
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| 2nd mos common and can spread. Usually scaly and red and found on the scalp, ears, lower lip, or hands. Good prognosis if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically |
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Cancer of melanocytes. Most dangerous and can spread and is resistant to chemotherapy. Key to survival is early detection.
A) Assymetry B) Border C) Color D) Diameter |
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| Cyanosis: Blue Skin Color |
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Definition
| Low oxygenation of hemoglobin |
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Definition
| Fever, hypertension, allergy, inflammation |
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| Pallor: Blanching or pale color |
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Definition
| Anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger |
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| Inadequate steroid hormones: Addingtons Disease |
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Definition
| Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified, Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar |
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| Single layer that appears stratified but it is not |
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| Flat cells that line the heart, blood vessels, and body cavities |
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Definition
| Cube shaped and line the kidney tubules, bronchioles(lungs), and reproductive tract |
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Definition
| Column shaped in the digestive tract and cilia for secretion and absorption |
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