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| Standard, written notation of heard music. |
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| In African music, a steady, underlying beat (like that of a metronome) played through the performance. |
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| Overlapping call-and-response |
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| In African music, a solo vocalist sings one line (often improvised) and the group responds in an overlapping chorus. |
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| Changing up the rhythm by accenting weaker beats. |
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| Intricate web of rhythms heard among the different parts (cross-rhythms). |
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| A rhythmic religious dance. Worshipers moved counterclockwise in a circle while singing spirituals, and clapping and stamping to keep the beat. |
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| Lead (melody) instruments in early jazz bands: trumprt (or cornet), trombone, and clarinet. |
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| An African thumb piano. Several reeds stretched across a wooden board. |
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| A European tradition- leader chants a psalm verse one or two lines at a time, congregation sings back the lines, often elaborating on the original tune. |
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| African American songs that arose in the nineteenth century and consisted of religious lyrics with folk melodies. |
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| Vibrant, preserved African culture of the Sea Islands off the eastern coast of the U.S. |
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| Neutral third or seventh; a bent, slurred, or worried note. |
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| A five-note set that avoids the interval of a tritone and can be arranged as a series of perfect fourths or fifths. |
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