Term
| Louis Armstrong: New Orleans and Chicago |
|
Definition
- N.O. - born there, takes lessons from Joe "king" Oliver
- Later leads Oliver's band when Oliver moves to CHI
- CHI - Plays 2nd trumpet for Oliver, then leaves CHI
- Returns to record Hot Fives/Hot Sevens
|
|
|
Term
| Louis Armstrong: Influence on Jazz |
|
Definition
- Most important figure in jazz - transforms it into an "art"
- Influential as instrumentalist and vocalist
- Greates trumpet player of his time - technique far beyond anyone
|
|
|
Term
| Benny Goodman: Importance/Influence |
|
Definition
- Clarinet player - his band ushers in the "swing era"
- X-country tour made jazz youn people's music - started most successful period in jazz
- Advocate of integration in jazz
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Influenced by Louis Armstrong
- Huge sound, wide vibrato
- Vertical improvisation - lots of arpeggios
|
|
|
Term
| Coleman Hawkins: Influence |
|
Definition
- "Father of the tenor saxophone"
- Replaces clarinet with saxophone in jazz
- First great big band sax solist
- Influences development of Bebop
|
|
|
Term
| Duke Ellington: The Cotton Club |
|
Definition
- High end club in harlem
- Minstrel-type entertainment
- "Jungle Music" - Bubber Miley's trumpet growl
|
|
|
Term
| Duke Ellington: Later Years |
|
Definition
- Writes many types of music - compositions longer
- Nominated for Pulitzer Prize
- Grammy lifetime achievement award
- Presidential medal of freedom
- Dies 1974 - 12,000 attend funeral
|
|
|
Term
| People/Style: Charlie Parker |
|
Definition
- "Bird" influenced by Lester Young - Born in K.C
- Incredible facility and Rhythmic innovations
- Heavy drug use leads to death
|
|
|
Term
| People/Style: Miles Davis |
|
Definition
- Grows up in St. Louis
- Studies classical trumpet
- Simpler style - fewer notes, middle register, more space
|
|
|
Term
| Miles Davis: What is his "genius"? |
|
Definition
- He could anticipate stylistic direction that jazz needed to take
- He would adopt new styles before anyone and usher in new eras of jazz
|
|
|
Term
| Latin Jazz: Early Origins |
|
Definition
- West African and Caribbean rhythms influence the development of Jazz
- Caribbean music travels to N.O.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- "Father" of Afro-Cuban Jazz/Cubop
- Born in Havana, moved to NYC
- 1939 - Forms band with Machito
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Raised in Havana - one hell of a maraca player
- Combines big band instrumentation and arrangement style w/ Cuban rhythm section
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Rhythmic - dominated by percussion
- Clave = thythmic idea that everything is organized around
- Syncopated way of delivering pulse
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Timbale Player - helped popularize Cuban music in America (although Puerto Rican)
- WWII Vet - seved in 9 naval battles
- Graduated from Julliard
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Percussion is syncopated and dominant force - use of unique instruments (tamborin, surdo)
- Popularized in 30's/40's by Carmen Miranda movies
- THE music of Carnival/the people of Brazil
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- "New Flair" - initially popular among upper class
- More laid back that Afro-Cuban and Samba
- MOST ICONIC FORM OF BRAZILIAN EXPRESSION
|
|
|
Term
| People: Antonio Carlos Jobim |
|
Definition
- Leading composer of Bossa Nova style
- His music often performed by American jazz artists
- Made famous by Stan Getz/Joao Gilberto
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Guitar player/singer
- Leading interpreter of Jobim songs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Sax - cool/sensitive sound, fluffy tone
- Lester Young influence
- Works with Joao Gilberto
- Real big asshole
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Free from musical restriction - removes structure from jazz
- Allows artists to experiment
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Recognized as first Free Jazz player
- Does not want to be constrained by jazz or musical conventions
- Use of "Harmelodics"
|
|
|
Term
| Ornette Coleman: "Harmelodics" |
|
Definition
- A musical phrase should not be determined by any underlying values of pulse or harmony
|
|
|
Term
| Free Jazz as Inevitability: Davis/Coltrane |
|
Definition
- Davis - modal music features slower harmony, requires less planning to execute
- Coltrane - expands modal conception allowing him to experiment w/ harmony
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Composer/band leader - mythical figure of Free Jazz
- Believed AA's were a myth of society - his music will lead AA's to freedom
|
|
|
Term
| Early Fusion: Miles Davis |
|
Definition
- Responsible for launching Fusion
- In A Silent Way considered first fusion album - multiple electric pianos, organ, guitar, tape edits
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Multiple chordal instruments/drummers, use of effects on trumpet
- Psychedelic - Miles creates connection with younger audiences by integrating their music, fashion, etc.
|
|
|
Term
| Style: Characteristics of Fusion |
|
Definition
- Rhythmically/harmonically informed by whatever popular music style it is attempting to fuse
- Adopts instrumentation of popular music styles
- Experimentation/improvistion much more central then popular music
|
|
|
Term
| People: Herbie Hancock (and Head Hunters) |
|
Definition
- Pianist w/ Miles 2nd quintet - leaves to start his own groups
- Important in the development/use of synthesizers
- Head Hunters - less rock influenced than Miles' group, funk is fused
- 80's - focuses on commercial styles, still innovative
|
|
|
Term
| People/influence: Jaco Pastorius |
|
Definition
- Revolutionized electric bass by stripping it of its frets
- Redefined articulation/facility people expected from Bass
- Played bass with fingers - started this style
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Formed by Wayne Shorter (sax) and Joe Zawinul (keys) - Davis alums
- Features bass virtuoso Jaco Pastorius
|
|
|
Term
| Band: John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra |
|
Definition
- British guitarist - worked w/Miles on "Bitches"
- Fusion group that sounded most like rock-n-roll
- Influential on creation of "prog-rock" (Rush, Dream Theatre, Yes, The Mars Volta)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Great decline in straight-ahead Jazz
- Fusion artists able to sell more records - leads to saturation and need for change
- Some musicians refuse to integrate Fusion (Blakey, Ellington, Mingus)
|
|
|
Term
| Jazz in the 1980's: Young Lions |
|
Definition
- Young musicians who lead resurgence of straight-ahead jazz in 80's
- Model their style after bebop/hard bop
- Emphasize "swing" and "blues" as core of Jazz
|
|
|
Term
| Miles Davis: "dark" period |
|
Definition
- 6 years of cocaine, sex, and no music
- Saw jazz as corrupt/racist industry - AA's exploited by Whites
- This period resulted in many health problems
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Trumpet player - Born in N.O. to musical family - father = pianist, brother = sax
- First artist to win Jazz AND Classical Grammy, also won Pulitzer
- Dismissed/hated avant-garde and fusion
- First important jazz musician to ally himself w/critics
|
|
|
Term
| Today: Where and What is Jazz? (Marsalis) |
|
Definition
- Marsalis - most recognizable figure in present era, but hasn't ushered in new style
- Instead, he elevates Jazz by canonizing its past figures
|
|
|
