Term
Ventilation
1. The firefighter will state the following six (6) main advantages of ventilation: |
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Definition
a. Helps rescue
b. Helps speed attack and extinguishment
c. Helps reduce property damage
d. Helps control fire spread
e. Reduces flashover potential
f. Reduces backdraft potential |
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Term
Ventilation
2. The firefighter will state the following three (3) guidelines to ventilate effectively with water fog: |
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Definition
a. Two (2) feet from opening
b.Set on wide fog pattern to cover 85-90 percent of the opening
c. Smooth bore nozzles may also be used with the tip off and the bale opened ½ to ¾ way. |
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Term
Ventilation
3. The firefighter shall state the following two (2) precautions to watch for when ventilating with water fog: |
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Definition
a. Exposures
b. Firefighters working outside |
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Term
Ventilation
4. The firefighter shall state the following two (2) methods of forced ventilation: |
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Definition
a. Smoke ejectors (mechanically)
b. Water fog (hydraulically) |
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Term
Ventilation
5. The firefighter will state the following two (2) dangers of ventilation: |
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Definition
a. Fire spreading throughout the building
b. Exposure fires |
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Term
Ventilation
6. The firefighter will state six (6) precautions to be taken when ventilating: |
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Definition
a. Wear full protective clothing including SCBA
b. Minimum of two (2) firefighters
c. Have a secondary means of escape
d. Check roof for soft spongy areas/sound for structural integrity
e. Use a roof ladder
f. On higher pitched roofs circular and chain saws can
be extremely dangerous |
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Term
Ventilation
7. The firefighter will state who should coordinate ventilation with the fire attack: |
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Definition
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Term
Ventilation
8. The firefighter will state the five (5) procedures to follow while breaking glass: |
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Definition
a. Wear full protective gear
b. Stand to the windward side
c. Break at top of pane from side
d. Handle and hands above point of impact
e. Clean out glass from frame |
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Term
| Ventilation 9. The firefighter will state the following seven (7) steps of ventilating a roof using an axe: |
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Definition
a. Locate position where opening is to be made
b. Locate roof supports
c. Mark location for opening
d. Cut along side of the supports toward the hole
e. Use short strokes when chopping
f. Pry up or pull roof boards
g. Push blunt end of pike pole or flat head of a rubbish hook to open the ceiling |
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Term
Ventilation
10. The firefighter will name three (3) safety items to watch for when cutting with an axe: |
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Definition
a. Overhead obstruction
b. Stand (up wind) of opening
c. Keep area clear of other firefighters |
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Term
Ventilation
11. The firefighter will name three (3) prevalent types of roof construction: |
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Definition
a. Arched
b. Flat
c. Pitched |
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Term
Ventilation
12. The firefighter will state the following two (2) conditions that must be present before a backdraft can occur: |
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Definition
a. Very high temperature
b. Reduced oxygen levels |
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Term
Ventilation
13. The firefighter will state the following three (3) indications of backdraft: |
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Definition
a. Black smoke becoming dense gray yellow
b. Smoke leaves building in puffs
c. Excessive heat with limited free burning |
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Term
Ventilation
14. The firefighter will know what the following definition refers to:
“When sufficient mount of heat is confined in an area, combustibles rise to their ignition point but will not ignite unless enough oxygen is available. When air is provided to the superheated area, a sudden ignition takes place.” |
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Definition
| This best describes “backdraft”. |
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Term
Ventilation
15. The firefighter will state which type of ventilation will reduce a backdraft: |
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Definition
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Term
Ventilation
16. The firefighter will state four (4) “warning signs” of an unsafe roof: |
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Definition
a. Melting asphalt
b. “Spongy” roof - a normally solid roof that springs back when walked upon
c. Smoke coming through the roof (through shingles)
d. Fire coming from the roof |
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Term
Ventilation
17. The firefighter will demonstrate positive ventilation using a gas powered or electric fan at a given entry point (i.e. Exterior door at a fire station) using the following steps: |
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Definition
a. Place blower several feet from opening (distance is determined when entire opening is covered by blower
b. Exit opening should be the same size or slightly smaller than the opening.
c. Close all other openings as possible
d. In order to cover the entire opening, blower may need to be tilted to cover; a Halligan works well in this situation to create the needed angle |
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Term
Ladders
1-a. Describe Single ladder:………………………List (four) 4 uses: |
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Definition
(1) Provides access to windows and roofs of one-and two-story buildings for rescue and firefighting
(2) Provides a platform to keep hard supply off bottom when drafting
(3) Provides access down into pits and similar situations for rescue work
(4) Provides means for bridging |
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Term
Ladders
1-b. Roof ladder:………………………..List (four) 4 uses: |
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Definition
(1) Provides access to windows and roofs of one-and two-story buildings for rescue and firefighting
(2) Provides a platform to keep hard supply off bottom when drafting
(3) Provides access down into pits and similar situations for rescue work
(4) As roof ladder with hooks out, it serves as a safer work platform on roofs for firefighters by distributing weight and preventing slipping |
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Term
Ladders
1-c. Extension ladder:…………………..List (one) 1 use: |
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Definition
| (1) Provides access to windows and roofs within their extendable lengths for rescue and firefighting |
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Term
| Ladders 1-d.Combination ladder:……………… List three (3) uses: |
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Definition
| (1) May be used as a small extension ladder (2) May be used as an “A” frame ladder to cross fences or other obstructions (3) May be used as a step ladder to reach overhead areas not close to a wall |
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Term
Ladders
1-e. Folding ladder:………………………List two (2) uses: |
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Definition
(1) May be used to gain access to scuttle holes in attics
(2) May be used in small room or closets where other ladders cannot be used |
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Term
Ladders
1-f. Aerial towers:………………………List three (3) uses: |
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Definition
(1) Provides access to windows and roofs for rescue and firefighting
(2) Provides means for fire streams and master streams at upper levels
(3) Provides safer rescue method from upper levels |
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Term
Ladders
2-a. One-person carry: (arm’s length) |
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Definition
(1) Firefighter kneeled beside ladder, facing direction of travel
(2) Lifted beam closest to body
(3) Found balanced point
(4) Grasped beam then stood up using legs while keeping back straight |
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Term
Ladders
2-b. One-person carry: (low-shoulder carry) |
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Definition
(1) Firefighter kneeled beside ladder and faced opposite direction of travel
(2) Lifted beam closest to body
(3) Found balance point
(4) Grasped rung with hand closest to ladder
(5) Stood and pivoted 180 degrees while inserting arm through rung
(6) Lifted with legs |
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Term
Ladders
2-c. Two-person carry: (arm’s length carry) |
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Definition
(1) Firefighters kneeled beside ladder, one at tip and one at butt
(2) Faced direction of travel
(3) Butt man/woman gave all commands
(4) Lifted beam closest to body
(5) Firefighters grasped beam and stood(6) Butt man/woman reached forward to check distance for safety |
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Term
Ladders
2-d. Two-person carry: (low-shoulder carry) |
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Definition
(1) Firefighter kneeled beside ladder, faced opposite direction of travel
(2) Butt man/woman gave all commands
(3) Lifted beam closest to body
(4) Grasped rung with hand closest to ladder
(5) On command, stood and pivoted 180 degrees; while inserting arm through rung, lifted with legs |
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Term
Ladders
3. The firefighter will orally state five (5) safety precautions to be considered before, during, and after ladder carries: |
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Definition
a. Choose proper ladder for the job
b. Use proper number of firefighters for each carry
c. Use legs, not back, when lifting ladders
d. Wear protective gear
e. Inspect ladders for damage and wear after use |
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Term
Ladders
4. The firefighter will assume and demonstrate the three-person (3) arms’ length flat ladder carry using the following four (4) steps in order: |
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Definition
a. Firefighter positioned two (2) firefighters -- one (1) on each end on one side of ladder and positioned one (1) firefighter on opposite side in center of ladder. Firefighters faced butt end
b. Commanded firefighters to kneel; firefighters grasped beam of ladder
c. Gave command to lift
d. Stood up, lifted with legs to arms’ length position |
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Term
Ladders
5. The firefighter will demonstrate a beam raise (using a 14' ladder) from the low-shoulder carry using the following four (4) steps: |
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Definition
a. Lowered butt to ground at point determined for establishing the proper climbing angle.(At this point the overhead was visually checked for any obstructions.)
b. As the ladder is brought to a vertical position, the firefighter pivoted the ladder 90 degrees and took a position facing the ladder on the side away from the building
c. Lowered the ladder into the building, placed one foot against a butt spur or rung, lowered gently into the building. Hands were on the beams or rungs.
d. Reversed the above steps to lower. |
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Term
Ladders
6. The firefighter will demonstrate a flat raise (using a 14' ladder) from the low-shoulder carry using the following eight (8) steps: |
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Definition
a. Placed the butt end of the ladder against the wall of the building at ground level
b. With a free hand, grasped a rung in front of the shoulder, removed the opposite arm from between the rungs
c. Stepped beneath the ladder and grabbed a convenient rung with the other hand. (Visually checked the overhead for obstructions.)
d. Advanced hand over hand down the rungs toward the butt until the ladder was in a vertical position
e. Positioned the ladder for climbing by pushing against an upper rung to keep the ladder into the building
f. Grasped a lower rung with the other hand and carefully moved the ladder butt out from the building to the desired location
g. Checked for proper climbing angle
h. Reversed the above steps to lower |
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Term
Ladder
7. The firefighter will demonstrate a two-man (2) flat raise (using a 24' ladder) from the butt-man position using the following eight (8) steps in order (butt man/woman) assumes command): |
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Definition
a. When desired location for the raise was reached, the butt man/woman placed the heel on the ground; the firefighter at the tip rested the ladder beam on a shoulder
b. The ladder was pivoted flat and was butted by the heel man/woman. The firefighter placed a foot at the butt of both beams; the other firefighter stepped beneath the ladder. (Visually checked overhead for obstructions.)
c. The firefighter at the tip advanced hand over hand until the ladder was in a vertical position. As the ladder came to a vertical, the butt man/woman grabbed higher rungs or beams until standing upright. (Fly sections away from the building.)
d. Both firefighters faced each other and butted the ladder; firefighters placed a toe against the same beam
e. The inside firefighter raised the tip with halyard until the tip was at the desired elevation using the hand-over-hand method. (Visually made sure the locks were in place.)
f. To lower the ladder into the building, the firefighter on the outside placed one foot against a butt spur or bottom rung and grasped the beams or rungs; both firefighters lowered the ladder into the building.
g. Checked for proper angle
h. Reversed the above steps to lower |
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Term
Ladders
8. The firefighter will demonstrate a two-man (2) beam raise using a 24' ladder and the following nine (9) steps; butt man/woman assumes command: |
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Definition
a. When the desired location for the raise had been reached, the butt man placed a foot on the lower beam at the butt spur.
b. The butt man grabbed the upper beam, hands were well apart, the other foot was extended well back to act as a counterweight.
c. The firefighter at the tip advanced hand over hand down toward the butt until the ladder was in a vertical position. (Visually checked overhead for obstructions.)
d. Pivoted the ladder to position. The fly section is away from the building.
e. Both firefighters faced each other and butted the ladder. Firefighter placed a toe against the same beam.
f. The firefighter on the inside of the ladder raised the tip with the hand-over-hand method. (Visually made sure the locks were in place.)
g. To lower the ladder into the building, the firefighter on the outside placed one foot against a butt spur or bottom rung, grasped the beams or rungs. Both firefighters gently lowered the ladder into the building.
h. Checked for proper climbing angle.
I. Reversed the above steps to lower. |
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Term
Ladders
9. The firefighter will demonstrate the pivoting of a ladder using a 24' extension at 90 degrees without being extendedusing the following steps in order: |
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Definition
a. Firefighter faced the other through the ladder; firefighters grasped the beams with both hands - each firefighter placed their foot on the beam that the ladder is to be pivoted on.
b. The opposite beam of the ladder was tilted until it cleared the ground.
c. Firefighters pivoted the ladder around - each firefighter adjusted their position as necessary. |
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Term
Ladders
10. The firefighter will state when a ladder may be rolled: |
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Definition
| a. It may be necessary for a firefighter doing a one-firefighter raise of an extension ladder to roll the ladder once after the fly has been extended so that the fly is out. |
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Term
Ladders
11. The firefighter will demonstrate the heeling of a 14' ladder in position of climb using the following steps: |
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Definition
| a. The firefighter stood with feet about shoulder width apart and grasped beams and pulled backward to press the ladder into the building. |
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Term
Ladders
12. The firefighter will demonstrate tying a halyard on an extension ladder: |
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Definition
a. Firefighter wrapped halyard taut around two (2) convenient rungs.
b. Used one rung if halyard was short.
c. Tied clove hitch on upper rung that is used.
d. Tied an overhand safety on top of clove hitch for safety.
e. Keep extra tail inside ladder out of climbing way. |
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Term
Ladders
13. The firefighter will demonstrate carrying the following equipment up a ladder using these precautions: placing free hand under the beam and maintaining contact by sliding hand under beam while climbing: |
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Definition
a. axe - working side
b. pike pole - opposite of working side (disregard Essentials, page 504 – pike pole carry)
c. extinguisher - working side
d. hose and nozzle - working side |
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Term
Ladders
14. The firefighter will demonstrate the rescue of a conscious victim by using the following four (4) steps: |
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Definition
a. Verbally assured adequate number of firefighters inside room to assist victim onto the ladder.
b. With victim standing on rungs, rescuer stood directly behind victim.
c. Placed both arm around victim under armpits and hands were on rungs in front of victim.
d. As victim descended, rescuer followed with arms around victim and hands were on rungs with knee between victim’s legs; firefighter provided support. |
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Term
Ladders
15. The firefighter will simulate the rescue of an unconsciousvictim from a building down a ladder using the following six (6) steps: |
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Definition
a. Verbally assured an adequate number of firefighters inside the room to assist victim onto the ladder.
b. Rescuer stood ready to receive victim; both hands were on rungs, one foot was one rung higher forming a 90 degree seat for the victim.
c. Firefighter passed victim to rescuer; victim was facing inward toward the ladder.
d. Victim’s crotch rested on one of rescuer’s legs. Victim’s feet were astride the ladder beams.
e. Rescuer’s arms were under victim’s armpits; hands were together on rung providing support for victim’s head.
f. When descending, rescuer uses the same knee, one step at a time supporting victim’s body weight; elbows were under the armpits. Repeated until on ground. |
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Term
Ladders
16. The firefighter will simulate the cross-arm rescue method using the following four (4) steps: |
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Definition
a. Rescuer stood ready for victim with hands placed under beams.
b. Victim was lowered feet first and straddled one of the rescuer’s arms.
c. Victim’s torso is supported under the lower armpit by the rescuer’s other arm.
d. As rescuer descended, his hands slid under the side of the ladder beam. Descent was one rung at a time. |
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Term
Ladders
17. The firefighter will state two (2) reasons for using a roof ladder: |
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Definition
a. Distribute firefighter’s weight over a larger area
b. Helps prevent slipping while working |
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Term
Ladders
18. The firefighter will demonstrate placing a roof ladder into service according to the following six (6) steps:
(Alternate safe methods may be used) |
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Definition
a. Opened hooks on ground
b. Pick up ladder with low shoulder carry, hooks forward.
c. Ascended to roof level, reach through rungs and hook the beam with arm or utilize a safety harness, then place ladder on roof, on its beam with hooks out or placed in flat position with hooks down
d. Slide ladder up roof until hooks are passed over ridge
e. Turn the ladder flat with hooks down and pull hooks into the opposite side of the ridge to secure ladder |
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Term
Ladders
19. The firefighter will demonstrate taking dry hose line with a nozzle up a ladder and state the proper procedure for thenext two (2) firefighters on the same hose line taking it up a ladder as detailed in the following five (5) steps: |
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Definition
a. The firefighter (nozzle man) placed hose under right arm then across chest and over left shoulder with nozzle on back (disregard Skill Sheet 13-1-21, Essentials Skill for 19.a. only)
b. Verbally stated that the next firefighter places hose on right shoulder (25' of hose and 10' apart).
c. Verbally stated that the next firefighter places hose on right shoulder with coupling in front.
d. Verbally stated that the nozzle man takes a leg lock.
e. Verbally stated nozzle man ties off nozzle through the rung using a clove hitch. (use safety, account for hose expansion) |
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Term
Ladders
20. The firefighter will demonstrate taking a charged hose line up a ladder and secure the nozzle in the following five (5) steps: |
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Definition
a. The firefighter ascended up one ladder section and stopped, and took a leg lock.
b. Verbally stated that the second firefighter will ascend the ladder within reach of the first firefighter, stop, and take a leg lock.
c. Verbally stated that the third firefighter passes nozzle and hose up until nozzle reaches person at the top position.
d. Nozzle man placed nozzle over a rung through the ladder at desired position.
e. Nozzle and hose were secured with a rope tool or other accepted means. |
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Term
Ladders
21. The firefighter will demonstrate operating a nozzle from a ladder: |
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Definition
a. Tie the nozzle to the ladder.
b. Nozzle man opened nozzle on charged line slowly.
c. Nozzle man demonstrated mobility to make sure there is enough hose through the ladder to allow a horizontal maneuverability of approximately 45 degrees. |
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Term
Ladders
22. The firefighter shall verbally explain maintenance procedures for all metal ladders: |
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Definition
a. Cleaning
1. First use solvent cleaner to remove oily or grease residues
2. Then use mild soap, water, and brush to clean; rinse thoroughly
b. Inspect
1. After each use
2. Every six months |
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Term
Ladders
23. The firefighter will demonstrate working with a pike pole from a ladder: |
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Definition
a. The firefighter ascended the ladder with a pike pole with hook end up in hand opposite the side work is to be done.
b. The firefighter slid other hand along beam while ascending.
c. Firefighter took a leg lock opposite side work is to be done.
d. Firefighter looked down for all clear below.
e. Firefighter simulated breaking window and pulling boards off wall.
f. Firefighter was above window to be broken. |
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Term
Ladders
24. The firefighter will describe six (6) safety measures using a ground ladder: |
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Definition
a. Use leg muscles when lifting ladders
b. Look overhead for obstructions and electrical line before raising or lowering
c. Check for proper climbing angle
d. Secure ladder before climbing
e. Check that ladder locks are secure
f. Always tie in with a leg lock or safety belt |
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Term
EMS
1. The firefighter will demonstrate the proper SMR techniques used to place a Long Spine Board intoservice on a supine patient: |
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Definition
a. Ensure that the patient has manual SMR inplace (with cervical collar) by a member of the rescue team.b. Retrieve the board and ensure that the 4 quick buckle straps are integrated on the board in the correct locations. Two straps to crisscross the upper torso, one strap located approximately at waist location of patient, and one strap located at the lower leg location of the patient.
c. Utilizing at least two other team members demonstrate log rolling patient on to one side.
d. Demonstrate checking the back of the patient for any further injury utilizing DCAPBTLS.
e. While the patient is rolled to one side demon-strate placing the board alongside the patient with the buckles released in preparation to placing the patient to the board.
f. Demonstrate as a team member placing the patient on to the board and rolling the patient and board down to the ground.
g. Demonstrate adjusting the patient to the board utilizing the technique of sliding the patient lengthwise on the board.
h. Demonstrate placement of the STA-BLOCK disposable head restraint system to the board. |
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Term
EMS
2. The firefighter will demonstrate the correct placement of the Ambu PERFIT adult and pediatric cervical immobilization device on a victim seated. |
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Definition
a. Assure that Manual Cervical Spine management isbeing conducted by a team member.
b. Properly size the patient utilizing the finger placement method.
c. Demonstrate releasing the locking tabs and pins, adjusting the device to the appropriate size, and relock tabs and pins.
d. Flip chin piece into position.
e. While manual traction is maintained by another rescuer, the firefighter positions the collar into position behind the patient’s neck and adjusts device into final position using the chin piece as a guide for placement.
f.Place Velcro strap into position on opposite side of the device to secure.
g. Assure the Manual SMR is maintained after device is placed. |
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Term
EMS
3. The firefighter will properly size and demonstrate proper application of the Ferno Scoop Stretcher. |
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Definition
a. Position stretcher next to patient.
b. Adjust length by placing center of head panel at level of patient’s nose.
c. Raise lock pin levers and adjust length just beyond bottom of patient’s feet.
d. Return lock pin levers to locked position.
e. Separate stretcher halves by pressing lock lever of each coupling and pulling halves apart.
f. Position stretcher halves on each side of patient, aligning center of head panel with patient’s nose.
g. To rejoin, press right and left halves of head and foot couplings together until they lock in place.
h. Make sure all couplings are securely fastened prior to lifting patient. |
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