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Definition
Presbyopia- glasslike quality of the lens occurring with old age that decreases lens's ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision. @ 40 50% of ppl have it by 70 the normally transparent fibers of the lens begin to thicken and yellow, start of senilecataracts
-the decrease in power of accommodation with aging, is suggested when the person moves the card farther away |
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Term
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Definition
| Cataract: or lens opacity, resulting from a clumping if proteins in the lens. Some cataract formation should be expected by 70. |
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Term
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Definition
Glaucoma: or increased ocular pressure. The incidence increases with age affecting men more than women. Chronic open angle glaucoma is the most common type. It involves a gradual loss of peripheral vision. Primary open angle glaucoma affects blacks more than whites and is more likely to cause blindness
-halos around light occur with narrow angle glaucoma
-scotoma- blind spot surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vision occurring with glaucoma and optic nerve disorders
-night blindness |
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Definition
| Macular degeneration: or the breakdown if cells in the macula of the retina. Loss of central vision, in the area of clearest vision, is the most conning cause of blindness affecting more women than men. The person is unable to read fine print, sew or do fine work and may have difficulty distinguishing faces. Loss of central vision may cause great distress. Peripheral vision is not affected, so the person can manage self care and will not become completely disabled. |
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Term
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Definition
| Myopia: floaters are common with lyopia after middle age due to condensed vitreous fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Diplopia-projection of two images of a single object |
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Term
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Definition
| Anisocoria- 5% of ppl who normally have pupils of two different sizes. Consider CNS disease |
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Definition
Pupils
Equal
Round
React to
Light
Accommodation |
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Term
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Definition
| Esotropia- strabismus with inward turning of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Exotropia: strabismus, out dwarf turning of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Ectropion: lower lid is loose and rolling out, does not approximate to eyeball. Puncta cannot siphon tears effectively, so excess tearing result. The eyes feel dry and itchy bc tears do not drain correctly over the corner and toward the medial can thus. Exposed palpebral conjunctiva increase risk for inflammation. Occurs in aging as a fault of atrophy of elastic and fibrou tissues but may result from trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| Entropion: the lower lid rolls in bc spams. Of Lisa or scar tissue contracting. Constant rubbing of lashes may irritate cornea. The person feels a "foreign body" sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Mydriasis: dilated and fixed pupils n enlarged pupils occur with stimulation of the sympathetic bs, reaction to sypathomimetic drugs, use of dilating drops, acute glaucoma or past or recent trauma. Also the Gerald CBS injury, circulatory arrest or deep anesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
| Miosis: constricted and fixed pupils. Occurs with the use of pilocarpine drops for glaucoma treatment, the use of narcotics, with iritis, and with brain damage of pons |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute glaucoma shows a circumcise sal redness around the iris with a dilated pupil. Pupil is oval, dilated cornea look steamy and anterior chamber is shallow. Occurs with sudden increase in inteaocular pressure from blocked outflow from anterior chamber. The person experiences a sudden clouding of vision, sudden eye pain, and halos around lights. This requires emergency treatment to avoid permanent vision loss |
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