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| Carries blood away from heart under enormous pressure, walls made of thick, elastic, smooth muscle |
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| carries blood back to heart under little pressure, no thick layer of muscle, valves to prevent backflow |
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| Allows for diffusion of nutrients and wastes between cells and blood, walls one cell thick, so small blood travels single file. Slow travel |
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| live in the nodules in the roots of legumes, convert free nitrogen N2 into ammonium ion NH4+ |
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| convert ammonium ion NH4+ into nitrites NO2- and then into nitrates NO3- |
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| convert nitrates NO3- into free atmospheric nitrogen N2 |
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| bacteria that break down dead organic matter, like dead plants and animals, into ammonia NH4+ |
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| nonsense nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that repeat thousands of times, protect |
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| photoreceptors in retina, distinguish colors |
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| tough, clear covering on eye, protects, allows light to pass |
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| fluids that maintain shape of eyeball |
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| colored part of eye, controls how much light enters eye |
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| Focuses light into retina |
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| converts light into nerve impulses that are carried to the brain |
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| extremely sensitive photoreceptors in retina, dont distinguish color |
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| fluid-filled part of inner ear, sends nerve impulses to brain |
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| hammer, anvil, stirrup; transmit vibrations from eardrum to oval window |
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| equalizes pressure between environment and inner ear |
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| sends waves of pressure to cochlea |
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| fluid filled, help maintain balance |
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| ear drum, vibrated a sound that hits it |
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| population becomes isolated, different selective pressures, new species |
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| Different species, same environment, similar adaptations. Ex. Bird and fly wing |
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| 2 related species have similar adaptations after divergence from a common ancestor |
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| Mutual evolution between interactive species. Ex. Pollinators and plant relationships |
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| emergence of several species from a single common ancestor introduced into an environment |
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| where meiosis occurs, where the secondary oocyte forms prior to birth |
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| Oviduct or Fallopian tube |
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Definition
| where fertilization occurs, after ovulation, the egg moves through it to the uterus |
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| where blastula stage will happen during pregnancy, should ferilization occur |
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| birth canal, baby passes through cervix into the vagggiine |
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| mitotic cell division of zygote, immediately after fertilization |
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| fluid filled ball of cells, end of cleavage |
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| rearrangement of blastula to produce 3 layered embryo (Gastrula). 3 layers, Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm |
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| Lies under the shell, diffusion of respiratory gases between outside environment and inside the shell |
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| encloses yolk, food for growing embryo |
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| encloses embryo in protective amniotic fluid |
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| tube for respiratory gases to and from embryo |
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