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- Fire bombing of Tokyo, Kobe, etc.
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Nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-- -- Invasion of northern islands by Soviet Union
-- -- Unconditional surrender to Allies; Occupation (1945-52) begins
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Occupation sets up GHQ; Gen. D. MacArthur as Supreme Commander Allied Powers (SCAP)
-Emperor Showa’s “no divinity” speech
-new Constitution
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“cold war” suddenly hit in Korea
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WWII Peace Conference in San Francisco
--US-Japan mutual security agreement (first iteration)
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End of Occupation (w/ some exceptions)
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| renewal/revision of US-Japan treaty ...anpo joyaku |
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--Shinkansen
--Motorbikes and Automobiles
--Tokyo Olympics
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| Celebration of the Nation’s Founding (1940-2600) |
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Annually awarded on Culture Day (Bunka no hi)
Originated as a balance to military awards
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Showa Emperor rejects original design (sakura)
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because “art endures”. He didn't want the sign to be something that was short lived
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Flowering Orange
--Tajimamori legend
--enduring (evergreen)
--magical associations
--fragrance associated with past
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After first Japanese winner of Nobel Prize (1949, Yukawa Hideki, Physics) Bunka Kunsho always awarded to Nobel Laureates (e.g this year)
But...
Oe Kenzaburo refused his in 1994.
Three others have also done so since WWII
This year includes Issei Miyake (fasion)
and
Ando Tadao (architecture),
plus the Nobel winners (in sciences)
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