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• 250 BC and earlier. Literally means rope pattern, because in this period they imprinted their pottery with rope.
• Stone age, no agriculture. |
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• 250 BC-250 AD
• Clearly some disconnect or break, probably due to influx from mainland.
• Social Organization, agriculture, metals, Korean Influence. |
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• 250-600
• Burial mounds, lots of Shinto overtones |
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• 710-84
• Popularization of Buddhism
• Nara became new capital
• Influx of Chinese technologies and ideas |
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• 794-1185
• New Capital in modern day Kyoto.
• Rise of Saicho, Kukai, and Tendai Buddhism |
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• What the Kami inhabits
• Early ones simply trees/boulders wrapped in rope
• Most shrines now have obvious influence |
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• Revolves around the idea of shrines.
• All shrines have same concept: go there to praise kami, only priests can go into inner sanctum.
• Kami is an actual object, ppl often took amulets home (pieces of the kami) |
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• Began with the amulets taken home being praised, turned into it being a shrine.
• Houses would have small shrines, in the Kami’s room. |
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• The linkage of Shinto to the imperial household.
• Imperial House created these stories to legitimate their rule.
o Passing down of the imperial objects: mirror, sword, curved jewels.
Since Japan's defeat in WWII imperial shinto been overwhelmed by a more environmental religion. |
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| great shrine holding the sacred imperial mirror. Rebuilt about every decade, most sacred shrine in Japan. |
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Later stage after great bodies of learning evolved in Japan.
Buddhism tied with scholastic breakthrough, so it also has strong ties to scholastic shinto. |
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Doesn't appear until 1700's.
Seen as new Shinto cults, looked upon as impure by nationalist shinto.
New Kamis appear due to visionaries. |
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One of the three main clans near the end of the Kofun period.
Was anti-Buddhist, descendants of Kami.
Close ties to Ritualism. |
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First emperor to believe in Buddhism.
Still venerated Shinto, though.
His death offset a civil war between the clans. |
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Son of Emperor Yomei/prince.
Prayed to the four heavenly kings for the Soga clan (pro-buddhist), and then they won. |
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The gods that Shotoku Taishi prayed to during the clan civil war, that then helped him turn the tides of the war and win.
A shrine was then built to the four gods. |
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In 540 one of the clans claimed that Buddhism is causing weakness in Japan.
When Emperor Yomei dies: clan civil war erupts |
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The ruler after the civil war
Ruled while Taishi was regent prince. However, she outlived Taishi. |
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| Introduced Confucius concepts as a guideline in Japan, one of Shotoku Taishi's accomplishments. |
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The new capital during the Nara period.
Laid out in a chinese manner. |
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During Nara period when both state and emperor adopted Buddhism, the state supported Buddhism and expected support in return.
Similar to U.S. gov supporting science today. |
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| Concrete Benefits in this world |
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| With Nara Buddhism their was a belief that Buddhism could have concrete benefits in this life. |
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| A council of powerful Buddhist monks to control ordination. |
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| Regulations for monks and nuns |
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Monks wern't allowed to set up Buddhist shrines in their homes.
Can't propagate Buddhism to the masses.
Couldn't retreat into mountains for spiritual training. |
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Ruled during the Nara Peirod.
Dedicated himself to the idea of a Buddhist State. |
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The temple with the Great Buddha within it.
A monumental accomplishment.
Began a trend of huge Buddhist art.
Taxed the material power of Japan. |
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| An oracle from Kami that informed authorities that the Kami would watch over/guard the Great Buddha within Todaigi Temple. |
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Different form of philosophy became popular, each with a temple devoted to it.
Sanron: No person has substance, no thing has identity.
Kegon: All things are contained in everything, all reality is an emanation of Buddha.
Ritsu: Complex study that focuses on the rules of those ordained. |
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Ordained as novice priest
Withdrew before becoming fully ordained.
Went into mountains to practice.
Began traveling and teaching, was censured by gov., set up many little chapels, thought of as a Bodhisattva. |
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| The new capital during this period, modern day Kyoto, went until rise of samurai gov. |
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A venerable monk who practiced intensively on Mt. Hiei.
Was seen as a possible protector to the city of Hiei.
Full ordinated.
Practiced for 12 years straight.
LEctured upon the lotus sutra.
Founded Tendai Buddhism.
Traveled to China to learn. |
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Lotus Sutra
Emptiness
Provisionality
The middle way
3000 worlds in one thought |
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| The mountain to the northeast of Hiei, was where Saicho practiced intensively. |
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Novice Precepts: continue training afterward, however would be constrained by these precepts.
Full Precepts: Long ceremony lasting hours, involves hundreds of vows. After, one is taught sutras and other powerful ceremonies. |
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A sutra that was what Tendai Buddhism was centrelled around.
Eternality of the Buddha. |
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| Emptiness, Provisionality, the Middle Way |
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Objects are devoid of substance
But you must act like it isn't.
The perfect balance between. |
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| Regulations for monks on Mt. Hiei |
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They are Boddhistva monks
Become monks not for self enlightenment but for the selfless goal of enlightenment of others.
Must train non-stop for 12 years
Afterwards they become: treasures, teachers or functionaries of the nation. |
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Mantra: chants, often sounding like sanskrit, so incomprehensible.
Founded by Kukai |
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Founder of Shingon
Beleived that esoteric teachings are more important than exoteric ones.
Immediate enlightenment beongs to the esoteric teachings.
One of the three greatest calligraphy artists.
One of the first great linguists.
Went to China to study
Underwent womb and crystal mandala ceremonies and both times had it land on Dainichi Buddha.
Unlike Saicho he doesn't really reject traditional Japanese Buddhist tradition. |
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Esoteric is sacred and only taught to those worthy.
Exoteric ones are taught openly |
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| A great temple devoted to Kukai, apparently still houses Kukai, frozen in meditation until the new Buddha arrives. |
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| A txt Kukai wrote that covers the ten types of religious worls views one can have, each being greater than the next. |
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Manifest: physical, original Buddha
Miraculous: For example the Buddhas of the directions of the compass.
Dharma Body: The perfect pure essence of the buddha that completely transcends all words. |
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| Achieving Buddhahood in this body |
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Shingon Buddhism's great claim was that one can attain Buddhahoo in this life.
However it occurs in secretly transmitted rituals. |
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