Term
| Drugs causing reduced libido |
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Definition
Fluoxetine (increases 5HT)
Propranolol (decreases NE beta)
Methyldopa (increases NE alpha) |
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Term
| Drugs causing increased libido |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs causing erectile dysfxn |
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Definition
Propranolol (decreases NE beta)
Methyldopa (increases central NE alpha)
Fluoxetine (increases 5HT)
Thioridazine (decreases DA) |
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Term
| Drug causing priapism (persistent erection) |
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Definition
| Trazodone (increases 5HT) |
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Term
| Drugs that inhibit ejaculation |
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Definition
Fluoxetine (increases 5HT)
Thioridazine (decreases DA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Say 900 words, understand 3,500 words, speak in sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| Incidence in exposed - Incidence in unexposed |
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Term
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Definition
| Incidence in exposed / Incidence in unexposed |
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Term
| Antipsychotic associated with retinal pigmentation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cl=(urine concentration X urine flow rate)/(plasma concentration) |
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Term
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Definition
| GFR = (urine inulin X urine flow rate)/(plasma inulin) = Inulin clearance |
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Term
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Definition
| RPF = PAH clearance = (Urine PAH X Urine flow rate)/(Plasma PAH) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
JG cells: modified smooth muscle of afferent arteriole that secrete renin
Macula densa: Sodium sensor that's part of the DCT |
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Term
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Definition
Increase Ca reabsorption (DCT)
Decrease phosphate reabsorption (PCT)
Production of 1,25(OH)3vitamin D (which causes increased Ca and phosphate reabsorption) |
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Term
| Henderson-Hasselbalch equation |
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Definition
| pH=pKa + ([HCO3-]/(.03XPCO2)) |
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Term
| Which acid-base disorder usually occurs with cardiopulmonary arrest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Positive anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by what? |
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Definition
"CAT MUD PILES"
Carbamazapine, Aspirin, Toluene, Methanol, Uremia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Phenformin/Paraldehyde, INH/Iron tablets, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, Salicylates |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Causes of normal anion gap (8-12 mEq/L)metabolic acidosis |
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Definition
| Diarrhea, glue sniffing, renal tubular acidosis, hyperchloremia |
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Term
| Causes of metabolic alkalosis |
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Definition
| Vomiting, diuretics, hyperaldosteronism (red flag: low K+, high HCO3-), antacids |
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Term
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Definition
Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis with ECF volume contraction (aldo causes release of K+ and H+, and retention of Na+)
Also, ECF vol cntrxn causes an increase in ADH, leading to hyponatremia
Also hyperpigmentation due to increased ACTH |
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Term
| Compensation equation for metabolic acidosis |
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Definition
| Winter's formula: PCO2=1.5(HCO3-)+8 +/-2 |
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Term
| Compensation formula for metabolic alkalosis |
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Definition
| PCO2 increases .7mmHg for each increase of 1mEq/L HCO3- |
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Term
| Compensation formulas for respiratory acidosis (acute & chronic) |
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Definition
Acute: For every increase of 10 PCO2, HCO3- increases 1
Chronic: For every increase of 10 PCO2, HCO3- increases 3.5 |
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Term
| Compensation formulas for respiratory alkalosis (acute & chronic) |
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Definition
Acute: For every decrease of 10 PCO2, HCO3- decreases 2
Chronic: For every decrease of 10 PCO2, HCO3- decreases 5 |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant HTN, ischemia, nephritic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Subepithelial (btwn BM and visceral epithelium of glomeruus) immune complex deposits |
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Definition
| Post-strep GN, Membranous GN |
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Term
| Intramembranous immune complex deposits |
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Definition
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Term
| Mesangial immune complex deposits |
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Definition
| Berger's, H-S purpura, lupus, membranous GN |
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Term
| Nephritic Syndrome: Sx and causes |
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Definition
Sx: hematuria, azotemia, hypertension, oliguria
Causes: "Pirates ARG!"
Post-infectious, Alport's, RPGN, Goodpasture's |
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Term
| Nephrotic Syndrome: Sx and causes |
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Definition
Sx: Proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, edema
Causes: "My Glomeruli Don't Appreciate Leaking Molecules"
Membranous, Glomerulosclerosis (focal segmental), Diabetic, Amyloidosis, Lupus, Membranoproliferative (may be considered nephritic)/Minimal change |
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Term
| Membranous glomerulonephritis: LM, EM, IF, demographic, |
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Definition
LM: Thickened capillary walls
EM: Spikes (new BM) & domes (intramembranous & subepithelial deposits); foot process effacement
IF: Granular IgG & C3 outline BM
Teens & young adults (most common adult nephrotic syn) |
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Term
Tram-track thickened BM on LM
(IF?) |
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Definition
Membranoproliferative GN (100% recurrence in allografts)
Garland distribution of IgG and C3 |
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Term
| Post-infectious GN LM, EM, IF |
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Definition
LM: Endothelial & mesangial proliferation, PMNs and marophages
EM: Subepithelial humps
IF: "Lumpy-bumpy" IgG & C3 |
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Term
| Which GN is associated with HIV & drug use? |
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Definition
| Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis |
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Term
| Positive labs for Wegener's |
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Definition
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Term
| Cause of ammonium magnesium phosphate (stuvite) kidney stones |
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Definition
Urease positive bugs (Proteus vulgaris, Staph, Klebsiella)
(Can form staghorn calculi; radiopaque) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cystine stones; Yellow-brown hexagonal cystine stones in urine; positive nitroprusside cyanide test; Radiopaque, but less so than calcium stones |
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Term
| Renal cell carcinoma associated with which genetic abnormalities |
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Definition
von-Hippel Lindau
Chromosome 3 deletion |
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Term
| Wilm's tumor gentic defect |
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Definition
| WT1 tumor suppressor on chrom 11 |
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Term
| Signs of chronic pyelonephritis |
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Definition
Eosinophilic casts in urine
Thyroidization of kidney |
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Term
| Most common cause of acute renal failure |
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Definition
| Acute tubular necrosis (Death in initial oliguric phase if untreated) |
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Term
| Renal papillary necrosis associations |
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Definition
| Diabetes, chronic phenacetin use, acute pyelonephritis |
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Term
| Renal papillary necrosis associations |
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Definition
| DM, acute pyelonephritis, chronic phenacetin use |
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Term
| Renal failure with low urinary sodium |
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Definition
| Shock (decreased renal blood flow) |
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Term
| Renal failure with normal urinary sodium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Disorientation, stupor, coma |
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Term
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Definition
| Irritability, delirium, coma |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary to metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary to non-anion gap acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
ECG: U waves, flattened T, arrhythmia, paralysis
Constipation, polyuria, rhabdomyolysis |
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Term
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Definition
ECG: Peaked T waves, wide QRS, loss of P wave, arrhythmia
Weakness |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetany, neuromuscular irritability |
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Term
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Definition
| Delerium, renal stones, abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmia |
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Term
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Definition
| Delerium, decreased deep tendon reflexes, cardiopulmonary arrest |
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Term
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Definition
| Metastatic calcifications, renal stones |
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Term
| Mannitol indications and contraindications |
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Definition
Indications: Increased intracranial P, increased intraocular P, drug overdose (increase renal excretion), shock
Contraindications: Pulmonary edema, CHF, anuria |
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Term
| Acetazolamide uses and toxicities |
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Definition
Uses: Alkalosis, altitude sickness, glaucoma, crush injury
Tox: Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 tox, sulfa allergy |
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Term
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Definition
OH DANG
Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis (interstitial), gout |
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Term
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Definition
| CHF, HTN, pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia |
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Term
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Definition
| CHF, HTN, Idiopathic hypercalciurua, nephrogenic diabetes Insipidus, Calcium stones (CHIC) |
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Term
| Which diiuretics may cause alkalosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which diuretics are effective in pts with the lowest creatinine clearance (approx 10ml/min)? |
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Definition
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