Term
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in cells and some viruses, consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine |
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Definition
| Any of various compounds containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a distinctive side chain, especially any of the 20 amino acids that link together to form proteins. |
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| The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell. |
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Definition
| is the protoplasm that exists outside the cell's nucleus. It is primarily composed of water. |
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Definition
| A nucleic acid that is frequently single-stranded and folded onto itself, and composed of repeating nucleotide units of ribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. |
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Definition
| are tiny, rod-shaped bodies that under a microscope appear to be long, threadlike structures that become visible only in dividing cells. |
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| A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms by which two consecutive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) occur without the chromosomal replication in between, leading to the production of four haploid gametes (sex cells), each containing one of every pair of homologous chromosomes (that is, with the maternal and paternal chromosomes being distributed randomly between the cells). |
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Definition
| A spherical or rod-shaped organelle with its own genome, and is responsible for the generation of most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate through the process of cellular respiration. |
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Definition
| Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. |
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Definition
| The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA and various enzymes. |
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| A programmed cell death involving an ordered sequence of biochemical events that result in cell changes. |
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Definition
| A classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation. |
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Term
| law of Bergonié and Tribondeau |
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Definition
| Radiosensitivity is based on the metabolic state of the tissue being irradiated. |
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Term
| linear energy transfer (LET) |
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Definition
| A measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue. |
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Definition
| biologic damage occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules produced by straight interaction with the incident radiation. |
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Definition
| is always a multistage process that first involves the production of free radicals that are created by the interaction of the radiation with water (H2O) molecules. |
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Definition
| the loss or change of a base in the DNA chain represents. |
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Term
| The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) |
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Definition
| the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. |
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Definition
| is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave. |
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Term
| radiation weighting factor (WR) |
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Definition
| calculate the equivalent dose (EqD) to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage. |
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