Term
What is a cell?
what type of solution is cytoplasm |
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Definition
structural and functional unit- smallest living unit of matter
provides basic template for activity
subcellular structures make the cell's function possible
continuity of life has a cellular basis
colloid |
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Term
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Definition
cell power house- energy production
aerobic cellular respiration
inner membrane folds with cristae
outer membrane smooth |
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Term
| What is the structure of the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondria |
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Definition
inner membrane has folds of critae
outer membrane is smooth |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the cristae in the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| to increase its surface area, more room for activity |
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Term
| Mitochondria has it's own |
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Definition
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Term
Ribosomes (RNA and Protein)
free
bound
subunits |
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Definition
involves protein synthesis
free- suspended in cytosol
bound- bound to endoplasmic reticulum
subunits: large: peptide bond formation
small: together with large subunit will bind mRNA and tRNA |
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Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
what its folds
rough
smooth |
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Definition
continuous from nuclear membrane- single membrane
folds from cisternae
cavity contains cytoplasm
rough- ribosomes attached cells secreting a product
smooth- no ribosomes attached, embedded enzymes involved in lipid metabolism; cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis; drug detox. liver
modified-sarcoplasmic reticulum, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, conducts action potentials |
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Term
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
secretory vesicles |
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Definition
flattened membrane sacs. modified proteins in secretory cells
transport vesicles- RER to Golgi; cis face
secretory vesicles- gogli to membrane; trans face contents exocytosed into blood stream; travel to plasma membrane |
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Term
| What are the organelles that destroy |
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Definition
| lysosomes, peroxisome, proteasome* |
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Term
lysosome
what enyzme do they use? |
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Definition
-cell digestion: old organelles; endocytosed particle; thyroid hormone released
Acid hydrolases: enzymes; low PH; membrane contains proton pump conentrates H +...ATP driven
-aytolysisi self cell destruction. embryology (webbed feet), menstruation, arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
quaternary structure
multienzyme complex, not membrane bound
destroys proteins
has two capped end, central digestive tunnel which is formed by 4 stacked rings, 7 subjunits surround central digestive channel. regulatory caps is gate keepers, regulates what' being destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
small membrane bound vesicles; liver, kidney detoxification
1. detoxification
- oxidase enzymes- abudnant in liver and kideny to oxidize organic substance; forms hydrogen peroxide
- free radicals- break down; has unpaired electron; highly reactive; cause aging
2.Self replicating- fission or denovo from endoplasmic reticulum; no DNA
also involved in lipid breakdown and bile synthesis |
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Term
| Organelles that form the support system AKA cytoskeleton. 3 |
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Definition
microtubules
microfilament
intermediate filament |
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Term
microtubules
what are made out of microtubules
where do microtubules arise
what is MTOC
what is a centriole |
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Definition
hollow tubules of protein tubulin grow and disassemble
support and move organelles--> motor proteins called kinesins, dynein powered by ATP attached organelles can move along the microtubules, microtubules can slide past each other
cilia and flagella are made out of microtubules
microtubules arise from centrosomes
MTOC is microtubule organizing center and contains centrioles
centriole are 2 hollow cylinders. 9 tirplets of microtubules anchoring point for microtubules plus organizes the mitotic spindle |
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Term
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Definition
cellular extnesions that propel substance along cell a lot in respiratory track
flagella- propel cell, only in sperm |
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Term
microfilament
made out of
interact with |
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Definition
thin strands of actin
interact with unconvetional myosin for cell motility
help strengthen plasma membrane responsible of cell contractility and motility involved in endo/exocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
high tensile strength proteins stable and permanent
found in tissues of high stretch and strain like skin, help resis cell tension |
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Term
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Definition
| stored chemical substances w/in the cell. variable depending on type of cell and function; stored substance ex: glycogen, ,elanin, acetyl coline |
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Term
nucleus
what are the parts of the nucleus |
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Definition
organelles that controls
largest organelle
nuclear envelope, nucleoli |
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Term
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Definition
double memebrane' outer membrane is continuous with E.R.
perinuclear cisterna (b/t 2 membrane)-filled with fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| dark-staining rRNA synthesis |
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Term
| nuclear pores allow RNA to go in and out of the nucleus, T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| red blood cells contain no nucleus T/F |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| old generic term used to describe genetic material (chromatin) when its condensed |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA and histones that are not condensed; thin and threadlike; exist when cell doesn't divide |
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Term
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Definition
| one of 2 "spiral" filament of condensed chromatin joined at a centromere which make up a chromosome; exist after DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eNdoplasmic reticulum (rough) |
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Term
| What is modified Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| sarcoplasmic reticulum- skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. conducts action potential |
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Term
| Where does a transport vesicle go and what is its "face" |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the secretory vesicle go and what is its "face" |
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Definition
| Gogli to membrane; transface (facing away from RER) |
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Term
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Definition
| digest old organellese, substances that have been endocytosed, particpates in thyroid gland |
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Term
| Cells of immune system have a lot of lysosomes true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| which enzyme involves detoxification? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do free radicals cause |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F peroxisomes are self replicating |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
support and move organelles
made out of cilia and flagella
are centrioles and organizes the mitotic spindle |
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Term
| what do microfilaments do |
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Definition
thin strands of actin; interac w/ uncoventional myosin for cell motility
help strengthen the plasma membrane
responsible for cell contractility and motitlity
invovled in endo/exocytosis |
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Term
| what do intermediate filaments do |
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Definition
high tensile strenght proteins
stable and permanent
found in tissues of high stretch and strain; skin |
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Term
| what is perinuclear cistern |
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Definition
| between 2 membrane of nucleus, filled with fluid |
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