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| Mythical legend where Romulus was the founder and first ruler of Rome. Very untrue. |
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| The assembly that was the main institution of government in the Roman republic. It grew out of an earlier council of advisors. |
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| The Roman aristocracy; wealthy landowners who held political power. |
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| The common people of Rome, who had few of the patricians' advantages. |
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| Inequality between patricians and plebeians. Patricians wanted more power and plebeians walked out of Rome and went on strike from the army. |
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| The Senate, Nobles, and the Rich. |
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| The Armies, Generals, and the Masses. |
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| Built the first cities north of Magna Graecia. Adopted the Greek alphabet. Established permanent cities that resembled Greek city-states. |
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| Primary executives in the ROman republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs; originally the office was limited to patricians. |
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| The officials of the plebeians. |
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| Settled in Rome to study law. Was part of the plot to kill Caesar. |
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| Recruited landless men into the army to put down a rebel king in Africa. He promised them land but didn't go through with his promise. |
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| The freeing of individual slaves by their masters. |
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| The oldest dominant male of the family, who held nearly absolute power over the lives of family members as long as he lived. |
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| Born of a noble family. Knew military success led to power so he led his troops to victory in Spain, Gaul, and France. |
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| The Romans reached southern Italy and started a conquest of wars. They ended up on the island of Sicily and confronted Carthage. Two different wars, both won by Romans. |
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| Caesar's grandnephew. Fought with Marc Antony and Lepidus to defeat Caesar's murderers. Then turned on Antony and Lepidus. |
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| Marc Antony and Cleopatra |
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| Were allied. Fought Octavian in the Battle of Actium in Greece. Lost that battle. |
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| Alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. |
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| Elected tribunes who were not liked by the wealthy because they wanted to help out the poor. |
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| 31 BCE-160 CE. Ended Civil Wars and kept Roman Civilizations as close as possible. |
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| A period of Roman security, order, harmony, flourishing culture, and expanding economy during the first and second centuries. |
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| Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. |
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| Emperor who tried to fix the empire. Came before Constantine. |
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| Tolerated Christians. His capitol was Constantinople. |
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| A well educated Hellenized Jew who was comfortable in both the Roman and the Jewish worlds. Spread Jesus' teachings. |
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| Cults of Isis and Mithras |
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| Isis brought her husband back to life and her followers believed she could do it for them too. |
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| Constantinople (Byzantium) |
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| New capitol for Constantine's empire. |
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| A person who practices or believes against the churches beliefs. |
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| Empress died during reign. Reigned from 527-565, after Constantine. |
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| Eastern Church. Ruled by the emperors. |
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