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Italian Romanesque + Pilgrimage Churches
Notecards that go over the Lombard, Tuscan and South Italian/Sicilian Schools, as well as ALL 5 of the Pilgrimage Churches.
10
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
02/20/2011

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Sant' Ambrogio, Milan (1080-1140):

- Italian Romanesque (Lombard School) - Northern Italy

- installed galleries which help(ed) to buttress the nave vaults

- has a 3-aisled basilica (alternating compound piers in basilica)

- Atrium Campanile has blind arches

- bracing is used in archways

- load-holding, compound piers are stationed throughout basilica

- extravagent artwork throughout the church

Definition
blind arches: is an arch found in the wall of a building which has been filled with solid construction so it cannot serve as a passageway or window
Term

San Minato al Monte, Florence (1062-90):

- Italian Romanesque (Tuscan Shool) - Central Italy

- facade finished in 12th Century (simple silhouette)

- has strong geometric patterns

- has 3-aisled basilica

- NO transepts & conservative framing

- NO masonry vaulting except in apse

- diaphragm arch spanning the nave

Definition
transept: the area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building in Romanesque & Gothic Christian-church architecture
Term

Cathedral Group in Pisa (1064, 1089-1272):

 - Italian Romanesque (Tuscan School) - Central Italy

- Busketo/Busketus (architect)

- has a marble arcade

- aisles are groin vaulted (zebra-stripe pattern)

Definition

arcade: a succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns/piers, or a covered walk enclosed by a line of suh arches on one or both sides

groin vault: an architectural element produced by the intersection at right angles of 2 barrel vaults (the word "groin" refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults)

Term

Monreale Cathedral (Santa Maria la Nouva, Monreale) (1174-83):

- Italian Romanesque (Sicilian School) - Southern Italy

- begun under rule of William II

- current facade is NOT the original

- facade faces the Piazza

- has a lot of Byzantine/Muslim influence

- built on a hillside

- has interlaced, pointed arches, and east-end is overly decorated (apse has many mozaics)

- double columns (altering motifs and designs) surrounding the cloister

Definition

apse: a semicirular recess coverd with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome (protrudes from a usually flat, vertical side surface of a building)

cloister: a rectangular open space surrounded by covered walks or ope galleries, with open arcades on the inner side, running along the walls of the building and forming a qradrangle

Term

St. Sernin, Toulouse (1077-1119)

- Pilgrimage Church (most known and most often visited of all the Pilgrimage churches)

- has radiating chaples and a detailed arcade system

- bellfree is located above the nave (nave is dark because of the gallery level)

- has banded barrel vaults, quadrant vaults, groin vaults, and diaphragm arches

Definition

nave: the central approach to the altar, and the overall main body of the church

barrel vault: (also known as tunnel or wagon vaults), an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve, or pair of curves, in the case of a barrel vault, along a given distance

quadrant vault: a curve in a wall of a vaulted ceiling (generally an arc of 90 degrees)

diaphragm arch: a transverse wall-bearing arch forming a partial wall dividing a vault or ceiling into compartments

Term

St. Martin at Tours (built around 1096):

- Pilgrimage Church

- NO LONGER EXISTS!!!

Definition
Term

St. Foy at Conques (1050-1130):

- Pilgrimage Church (smallesy of all 5 Pilgrimage churches)

- set into a hillside (naturally beautiful view)

- alternating pier shape (rounded and squared off)

- very dark aisles, but lighted chaples and nave

- highly decorated tympanum (depiction of the "Last Judgement" w/ Charlemagne's family and others waiting to be judged by Christ)

- octagonal arch/dome built upon a squinch

Definition

pier: an upright support for a superstructure, such as an arch or a bridge

tympanum: a semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance bounded by a lintel, or beam, and arch (often contains sculptures or other ornaments)

squinch: a piece of onstruction used for filling in the upper angles of a square room in order to form a proper base for an octagonal or spherical dome

Term

St. Martial at Limoges (1065):

- Pilgrimage Church

- NO LONGER EXISTS!!!

Definition
Term

Santiago de Compestela (mid-1070's):

- Pilgrimage Churh (the end goal of the Pilgrimage)

- functions as a shrine to St. James and a church

- ALL vaults have transverse arches

- alternating pier-shaft (rounded, square, rounded, etc.)

- 4-horse fountain in plaza (located in the cloister)

- circular apse has tunnel vaults

- more of a Baroque building, somewhat, rather than a Romanesque

Definition
Term

Extra Vocabulary:

transverse arch = diaphragm arch

cloister vault: a vault resulting from the intersection of 2 barrel vaults crossing at a right angle

chevet: when apses are built as radiating chaples outside of the choir aisles

lombard bands: a decorative blind arcade, visual exterior (false arches usually wrapping around an outside surface), often used during Romanesque and Gothic periods or architecture

westwerk: the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian/Romanesque church

horseshoe arch: the emblematic arch of Islamic architecture, and can take a rounded, pointed or lobed form

ribbed vault: the intersetion of 2 or 3 barrel vaults when they are edged w/ an armature of piped masonry often carved into deorative patterns

Definition
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