Term
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Definition
| -Symbolic iterations within society |
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Term
| Critique of functionalism and Ethnocentrism |
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Definition
-look at latent and manifest and use ethnocentrism to draw a conclusion
-Scientists take the form of the expert
-says native is brainless and looks at the latent and manifest
-means we prioritize scientists over the natives
-scientists perspective is real and natives is ignored
4) When we try to use our own ideas to understand other people we will totally miss the point
a) In idea of people performing kula; trobrian
b) Even though they say kula used for sacred trade Malinowski says for secondary trade
c) Just assume Malinowski is correct because conforms to our materialistic idea |
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Term
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Definition
a)All the approaches we’ve considered so far; Marxist, functionalists
b)Deal with large scales social phenomenon
c)Like Marx, wants explain how social of all history has evolved
d)Other are presenting laws that should hold true for all organizations
e)The approaches assume that what they are saying will be true for all society
8) They are also all objective models
a)All have objective tangible facts through observations and explain social institutions with these objective facts |
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Term
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Definition
-symbolic analysis approach to social phenomenon
a) Try to subjective levels of a people within a society
b) Focus on how individuals acquire a set of social roles and where they get them from
c) Are not born with a set innate model of reality not born with a set definition of what it means to be human
d) Learn these through social interactions
e) All human actions are seen as subjective in nature
f) We react to subject reality through our lens of subjective reality of our world
g) We react to subjective reality
h) Models people have of reality is not an individual subjectivity
i) Model of the individual is shared by culture at large |
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Term
| Subjective Models are Collective |
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Definition
| -Models of people are subjective and are learned through society as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
-Subjective view of a individual by society
-develop because there are a few things that are inevitable but we don’t know what it is
-Like death |
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Term
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Definition
-Links 2 different semantic domains together as a way of making sense that is not well understood or cant be spoken of literally
-Tom is a turkey; human and animal merged to link something that we know
-My love is like a rose; links something abstract to something concrete |
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Term
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Definition
-becomes a part of reality of society and becomes true and is seen as a part of their lives
-Once gets going the people will take it literally |
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Term
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Definition
-at the minimum it is something that represents something else
-Words
-the word tree actually stands for tree |
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Term
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Definition
-Have a greater meaning than others and represents more than just one thing
-The American Flag
-also represents patriotism and everything our country is about |
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Term
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Definition
| -Had functionalist argument because pigs use same resources as human in area with limited land made functional sense because the food went toward people |
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Term
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Definition
b) Says there are a lot of other animals in bible considered taboo
c) Said the animals are to be avoided and you can not even touch them because they were so unclean couldn’t go to temple if did so
d) Animals like Hyrax and badgers were forbidden in the bible as being unclean
i) Harris’s theory is completely opposite
e) Douglas says there are different categories and class within the bible
i) Herding, water air animals
ii) With each category has a description of what they are and how to categorize them
iii) All animals in that category should have those characteristics if it is conforming to gods plan or will
(1) Those who broke the rules of their class criteria is considered to not be living up to gods plan
(a) Such animals were considered an abomination
(2) Were seen as unholy outside of gods creation
iv) Hares and badgers were unclean
(1) Both are rodents, never stop growing their teeth
(2) Need to grind their teeth
(3) Had some herd animal criteria but at same time did not so violated the class
v) For pigs
(1) Bible labeled as unclean
(2) Have hooved feet but don’t chew cud like cows
vi) Seen as unclean because they don’t fit the model that the people understood the world |
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Term
| Social Structures as Cognitive map of the World |
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Definition
-Radcliffe-Brown
a) When individual interacts with world filters that through the social structure and then applies it world
i)So if animal is unclean in your social structure wont touch it because told to |
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Term
| Matrilineal and Patrilineal (defining Ma and Pa) |
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Definition
-Douglas
-If in society descent is determined by matrilineal then the society will be dominated by women
-If society descent is patrilineal then will be dominated by men
f)In strong patrilineal societies often the case that the role of the women in procreation for women is minimized
i)Women was seen as just receiving men’s sperm who was making the child and women was not adding to the child
g)Conversely matrilineal male is down play like in tromanders society and women are paramount
i)Child is coming straight from the women |
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Term
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Definition
-Douglas
a)Every culture children are subject to this
b)This kind gives child basic rules what everyone in that culture knows and takes advantage
c)Is learned in child hood and is pretty standard
d)Everyone knows it like every one else
e)During this child is expected to internalize the basic world view of society
i)Right vs wrong, male vs female, time vs space, how to greet someone
h)By referring back to the rules we can understand why other individuals actions and statements understandable
i)Like in usa extending hand is handshake not slapping
k) Crisis moments are when basic rules of society and we have to negotiate what proper rules of society are |
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Term
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Definition
-Philosophical Anthropology
-Has 5 orientations presents itself and shows how the world works
-cannot understand the individual without understanding the society
-Society defined by a cultural context that changes from culture to culture |
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Term
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Definition
-Hallowell
-what is and is not apart of the self
-Orientation of self how to react to various people object things in their environment
-from culture to culture have different definitions of what is and is not apart of the body
-In western society the body contains a soul
-Others do not agree with this view
-Hindu perspective of self is constantly changing
-At what point do you stop being you? this is the main question that is being answered
-We see ourselves as us at the same no matter what context we are in |
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Term
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Definition
-Hallowell
-Once self is defined, it defines what is and is not the self
-Object orientation says how we relate to an item
-Some objects are sacred and others are not
EXAMPLE: How you look at the clothe for a shirt and the clothe of an American Flag
-Animals are treated differently
-Cow vs dog
-Treat individuals differently based on age
-father and middle age men same way but different from 20 year old friend |
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Term
| Spatiotemporal Orientation |
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Definition
-Hallowelll
-Time and space orientation
-every society gives a basic idea
-Is time Linear or circular
-We have linear idea of time, cannot jump around in time
-Circular
-Time comes back and repeats itself
-It's crucial how we define self because of relation with time and space
-How people orient themselves in space
-many times will separate by gender and age |
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Term
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Definition
-Hallowell
-What motivates people to action
-Can be either learned or innate
-In western society material wealth is a material motivator
-Idea that we want more stuff but if hunter and gather you don’t want that
-Revenge Killing |
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Term
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Definition
-Hallowell
-Idea of of what society standards are
-what is good and what is bad
-now we see women as skinny
-old days saw women as heavier was better
-these are all shared |
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Term
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Definition
-Hallowell
-specialized knowledge
-to access knowledge must go through special training or initiation
-only involved in sub groups of society
-more stratified society is the more important these groups are
-builds on primary socialization giving more knowledge to a certain group
-Once gained, the sub groups have their own attributes
EXAMPLE: doctors; have their own standards, allowed to wear white coats |
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Term
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Definition
-Hallowell
-Associated with secondary socialization
-its the formal recognition of a change of status or identity
-birth, marriage, senior citizen, death |
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Term
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Definition
-A. Van Gennep
-Standard steps throughout the world
-Separation
-Individual is isolated from normal social network is either forbidden or restricted
-Liminality
-Initiate is stripped of identity but still doesn't have a new one
-will be taught new specialized knowledge
-aggregation
-Has now new identity with new knowledge and allowed to go back into society and are no longer the same person they use to be
EXAMPLE: The Military, the new soldiers are not allowed contact with outside world |
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Term
| Social stratification and secondary socialization |
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Definition
-Sub groups are very important in societies with stratification
-Because secondary socialization is what causes the stratification
-specializations can make stratification institutionalized so only way to get knowledge is through initiation |
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Term
| Purity and Pollution in Hinduism |
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Definition
-In Hinduism, each individual and object has a certain level of pollution associated with it
-Interaction with others transfers purity and pollution
-if you interact with some who has more pollution you will pick some of that up and lose some of your purity |
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Term
| Hindu purity and strictness |
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Definition
-In Hinduism, those who choose to be more pure have strict guidelines on their actions while those who are less pure do not have as strict of guidelines
-lower to higher on strictness |
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Term
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Definition
| -Said Hindus are in a dialectical relationship with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
-Marriot
-the atoms that make up everything
-all matter has a different atom make up
-Atoms have different values attached to them (good and bad)
-Every Hindu has a coded atom make up that makes them who they are
-They are unstable and you pick up and leave some atoms
-What you come into contact with will change you as a person
-Through time husband and wife will be more a like because of their transfer of atoms |
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Term
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Definition
-Marriot
-Your Dharma
-You ultimately decide what is right and wrong at any given moment
-Only you determines your moral code, you may choose to live a certain lifestyle but you decide in the end
-Brahman is told he cannot kill but if a man is going to kill a women then he is allowed to kill because he says its morally ok. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Marriot
-The three high gods are super pure and can only be approached by the Brahman or objects in states of purity, this is so they can stay ultra pure
-Local villages have lesser gods
-Do not have to be as pure to approach them
-Can also worship them about everyday needs |
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Term
| Only Brahmin can Approach Pure Gods |
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Definition
-Marriot
-Brahmin are the most pure humans so they are the only ones who can approach the pure gods in order to maintain their purity
-protected from pollution |
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Term
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Definition
Marriot
-When a god descends to the earth |
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Term
| consciousness and Hinduism |
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Definition
-marriot
i) The more consciousness you have the higher your position in the hierarchy
ii) One branch says everything in creation has some for of consciousness
iii) You accumulate cosmic merit called karma by following moral code related to you
iv) If you build up enough and follow moral code your karma will go up you will move up in hierarchy in next life time
v) Can also move down and possibly become animal or rock |
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Term
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Definition
-cosmic merit accumulated by following moral code
-if enough is gained then you will move up hierarchy in the next life
-can also move down or stay the same |
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Term
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Definition
-Also called nirvana
-goal in life is to make it here
-Happens when fully aware of what is going on |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brahmin beyond opposition |
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Definition
| -Highest individual in the caste system |
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