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826 -Aghlabid -Qairawan(Tunisia) -hypostyle, T-Plan -Minaret with Roman Spolia on bottom, writing turned upside-down to show denial of what is said -T-Plan moves to a more hierarchal design because domes at bottom and intersection of "T" focus on certain areas |
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-Fatimad Dynasty -972 -Cairo -hypostyle, T-Plan -Statement of Arrival, presence and authority of Shi'i -New "T-Plan" focuses on qiblah wall |
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990 Cairo Fatimad hypostyle, Tplan -Two large minarets mark two corners of mosque- visible call to prayer and beacon -qiblah aisle marked oustide of mosque with 3 large domes, shows power, can be seen from all over - shows increasing importance of exterior facade, which allows Fatimads to convey to public they are leaders |
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Cairo Fatimad 1125 hypostyle t plan -skewed facade- facade adjusts to face street unlike rest of building, jumps out to invite people in. -ornamentation on outside of building conveys shi'i values(vase with 2 vines represents fatimads son) |
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Madrasa-Mosoleum of Sultan Salih |
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Ayyubid Dynasty Cairo 1241 -created by waqf -4- Iwan, represents 4 branches of islamic law -skewed facade allows bulding to orient to city and mecca |
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Madrasa-Tomb of Sultan Qala'un |
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Cairo 1285 Mamluk inscriptions about sultans life are all around the outside of facade |
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Cairo 1356 Mamluk school, mosque, mosoleum 4 iwan plan -qiblah iwan oriented to mecca -mosoleum sticks out from rest of building with huge dome-behind qiblah wall, almost egotistical, as if people are praying toward him -entrance portal invites people in, extremely ornamental and tall |
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Bukhara Seljuq Dynasty 943 Centrally planned -building tombs legitimizes lineage -brick ornament in myraid variations |
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ziyarid Dynasty Gurgan 1006 tomb -properties of minaret -casket is suspened in air by chains |
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Ghurid Dynasty 1190 -blue inscriptions- glazed brick extraordinary brick work -function not clear |
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Ghaznavid Dynasty Bust(Afghanistan) 11th-12th century palace -built on high bluff overlooking river -built to provide views -4-wan plan courtyard -iwan sets up ruler to overlook river and kingdom |
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Congregational Mosque 10th-12th Isfahan(Iran) Abbasid and Seljuk -S dome added first, N dome added as competitive response 4-iwan plan, pishtaq frames iwan, minarets rise from corners |
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Seljuk 12th cent caravanserai 4-iwan plan -finances by waqf -boosts trade and commute, offers hospitality |
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Seljuk 11th c caravanserai Developed road network to enhance trade Endowed by the sultan as a waqf Large pishtaq portal welcomed tired caravan travelers |
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1157 Seljuk -double shell dome- more impressive and large - in center of chahar bagh -first chahar bagh with paradise reference because of tomb |
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Konya Seljuk 1260 1 iwan domed “courtyard” ornamented Turkish triangle pendentives |
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Konya 1260 Seljuk ablaq masonry joggled voussoirs muqarnas |
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Nasrid 13th-14th century -built above city on a hill -morpheme- open courtyard surrounded my galleries |
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Part of Alhambra Nasrid Granada -center of courtyard is filled with pool of water -rectangular -drawn from vernacular house type -arrival of water celebrated by vertical fountain at edge -vertical water contrasting horizontal pool -linear water contrasting planar pool -explosion of water compared to tranquil pool -circular form of basin compared to rectangle pool |
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women’s apartments(alhambra) |
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4 chambers, 2 on each side- 4 wives of sultan |
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Alhambra nasrid - projects outward from palace- allows for many windows -ceramic sheathing around bottom of hall-dago-for protection -carved stucko above -motto of ruling dynasty- “There is no conqueror but God” -diplomacy is made in this hall -verses proclaiming power of god, sultan is shadow of god -wooden vault at top with mother of pearl- MOP look like starbursts- heavenly vault -thick walls pierced with open windows, sultan surrounded by windows in order to symbolize kingdom behind him |
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-chahar bagh -4 water channels leading to fountain -all gardens now are associated with paradise -orange tree -fountain surrounded by lions -lion-king of beasts, associated with Solomon -looks as if water is coming from fountain but actually comes from basins on four sides -kiosks- amazing carved stucko with muqarnas -pourous feel |
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- one of the sources of water for court of lions -maquarnas vault- dazzling |
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- one of the sources of water for court of lions -maquarnas vault- dazzling |
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-other side of lions from two sisters -poetic inscriptions -could be where sultan went for own pleasure or one on one meeting -personifies architecture by speaking with inscriptions “I am an eye” |
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Torre del Mihrab(Mihrab Tower)Alhambra |
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Small private prayer space Windows allow worshipper to gaze to exterior gardens and landscape |
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Granada outside of alhambra complex nasrid 13th c Aceqquia Patio
rectangle chahar bagh two rectangkle water pools in middle fountain basin on ends and middle |
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Fez 1323 Merinid Dynasty Water basin in middle outer walls made too give the illusion that the room is bigger than it really is. corbelled arches |
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Fez 1323 merinid courtyard separated from student rooms by corridor with wooden screens Bou Inania’s mosque serves entire neighborhood. Prayer hall separated from madrasa by water channel (natural stream) Minaret (from where nearby mosques receive the signal for the start of the call to prayer) |
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Merinid Rabat 14th c -Merinids adopt idea of a “shrine” complex for their dynastic burial grounds -Mosque of Abu Yusuf |
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