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Islamic Gardens and Architecture
Monuments and their significance
30
Architecture
Undergraduate 3
03/04/2013

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Term
Great Mosque of Qayrawan
Definition
826
-Aghlabid
-Qairawan(Tunisia)
-hypostyle, T-Plan
-Minaret with Roman Spolia on bottom, writing turned upside-down to show denial of what is said
-T-Plan moves to a more hierarchal design because domes at bottom and intersection of "T" focus on certain areas
Term
Mosque of Al-Azhar
Definition
-Fatimad Dynasty
-972
-Cairo
-hypostyle, T-Plan
-Statement of Arrival, presence and authority of Shi'i
-New "T-Plan" focuses on qiblah wall
Term
Mosque of al-Hakim
Definition
990
Cairo
Fatimad
hypostyle, Tplan
-Two large minarets mark two corners of mosque- visible call to prayer and beacon
-qiblah aisle marked oustide of mosque with 3 large domes, shows power, can be seen from all over
- shows increasing importance of exterior facade, which allows Fatimads to convey to public they are leaders
Term
Mosque of al-Aqmar
Definition
Cairo
Fatimad
1125
hypostyle t plan
-skewed facade- facade adjusts to face street unlike rest of building, jumps out to invite people in.
-ornamentation on outside of building conveys shi'i values(vase with 2 vines represents fatimads son)
Term
Madrasa-Mosoleum of Sultan Salih
Definition
Ayyubid Dynasty
Cairo
1241
-created by waqf
-4- Iwan, represents 4 branches of islamic law
-skewed facade allows bulding to orient to city and mecca
Term
Madrasa-Tomb of Sultan Qala'un
Definition
Cairo
1285
Mamluk
inscriptions about sultans life are all around the outside of facade
Term
Sultan Hasan Complex
Definition
Cairo
1356
Mamluk
school, mosque, mosoleum
4 iwan plan
-qiblah iwan oriented to mecca
-mosoleum sticks out from rest of building with huge dome-behind qiblah wall, almost egotistical, as if people are praying toward him
-entrance portal invites people in, extremely ornamental and tall
Term
Tomb of The Samanids
Definition
Bukhara
Seljuq Dynasty
943
Centrally planned
-building tombs legitimizes lineage
-brick ornament in myraid variations
Term
Gunbad- I Quabus
Definition
ziyarid Dynasty
Gurgan
1006
tomb
-properties of minaret
-casket is suspened in air by chains
Term
Jam Minaret
Definition
Ghurid Dynasty
1190
-blue inscriptions- glazed brick
extraordinary brick work
-function not clear
Term
Lashkari Bazaar
Definition
Ghaznavid Dynasty
Bust(Afghanistan)
11th-12th century
palace
-built on high bluff overlooking river
-built to provide views
-4-wan plan courtyard
-iwan sets up ruler to overlook river and kingdom
Term
Masjid i-Jami
Definition
Congregational Mosque
10th-12th
Isfahan(Iran)
Abbasid and Seljuk
-S dome added first, N dome added as competitive response
4-iwan plan, pishtaq frames iwan, minarets rise from corners
Term
Ribat i-Sharaf
Definition
Seljuk
12th cent
caravanserai
4-iwan plan
-finances by waqf
-boosts trade and commute, offers hospitality
Term
Ribat i-Malik
Definition
Seljuk
11th c
caravanserai
Developed road network to enhance trade
Endowed by the sultan as a waqf
Large pishtaq portal welcomed tired caravan travelers
Term
Tomb of Sultan Sanjar
Definition
1157
Seljuk
-double shell dome- more impressive and large
- in center of chahar bagh
-first chahar bagh with paradise reference because of tomb
Term
Ince minare madrasa
Definition
Konya
Seljuk
1260
1 iwan
domed “courtyard”
ornamented
Turkish triangle pendentives
Term
Karatay Madrasa
Definition
Konya
1260
Seljuk
ablaq masonry
joggled voussoirs
muqarnas
Term
Alhambra Palace, Granada
Definition
Nasrid
13th-14th century
-built above city on a hill
-morpheme- open courtyard surrounded my galleries
Term
Court of the Myrtles
Definition
Part of Alhambra
Nasrid
Granada
-center of courtyard is filled with pool of water
-rectangular
-drawn from vernacular house type
-arrival of water celebrated by vertical fountain at edge
-vertical water contrasting horizontal pool
-linear water contrasting planar pool
-explosion of water compared to tranquil pool
-circular form of basin compared to rectangle pool
Term
women’s apartments(alhambra)
Definition
4 chambers, 2 on each side- 4 wives of sultan
Term
Hall of the Ambassadors
Definition
Alhambra
nasrid
- projects outward from palace- allows for many windows
-ceramic sheathing around bottom of hall-dago-for protection
-carved stucko above
-motto of ruling dynasty- “There is no conqueror but God”
-diplomacy is made in this hall
-verses proclaiming power of god, sultan is shadow of god
-wooden vault at top with mother of pearl- MOP look like starbursts- heavenly vault
-thick walls pierced with open windows, sultan surrounded by windows in order to symbolize kingdom behind him
Term
Court of the Lions
Definition
-chahar bagh
-4 water channels leading to fountain
-all gardens now are associated with paradise
-orange tree
-fountain surrounded by lions
-lion-king of beasts, associated with Solomon
-looks as if water is coming from fountain but actually comes from basins on four sides
-kiosks- amazing carved stucko with muqarnas
-pourous feel
Term
hall of the two sisters
Definition
- one of the sources of water for court of lions
-maquarnas vault- dazzling
Term
hall of the two sisters
Definition
- one of the sources of water for court of lions
-maquarnas vault- dazzling
Term
lindaraja mirador
Definition
-other side of lions from two sisters
-poetic inscriptions
-could be where sultan went for own pleasure or one on one meeting
-personifies architecture by speaking with inscriptions “I am an eye”
Term
Torre del Mihrab(Mihrab Tower)Alhambra
Definition
Small private prayer space
Windows allow worshipper to gaze to exterior gardens and landscape
Term
Generalife Palace
Definition
Granada
outside of alhambra complex
nasrid 13th c
Aceqquia Patio

rectangle chahar bagh
two rectangkle water pools in middle
fountain basin on ends and middle
Term
Attarine Madrasa
Definition
Fez
1323
Merinid Dynasty
Water basin in middle
outer walls made too give the illusion that the room is bigger than it really is.
corbelled arches
Term
Bou Inania Madrasa
Definition
Fez
1323
merinid
courtyard separated from student rooms by corridor with wooden screens
Bou Inania’s mosque serves entire neighborhood. Prayer hall separated from madrasa by water channel (natural stream)
Minaret (from where nearby mosques receive the signal for the start of the call to prayer)
Term
Chella Necropolis
Definition
Merinid
Rabat
14th c
-Merinids adopt idea of a “shrine” complex for their dynastic burial grounds
-Mosque of Abu Yusuf
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