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islam
chapter 10
49
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/04/2007

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Term
allah
Definition
god, the focus of islam, the sole authority
Term
sunnah
Definition
saying and actions
Term
hadith
Definition
the stories of muhammad's life and his sayings are preseved in a cast, not fully authenticated literature called the hadith
Term
muezzin
Definition
one who calls the people to prayer from a high place
Term
hijrah
Definition
migration of muslims from mecca to medina
Term
caliph
Definition
in the circumstances that followed muhammad's death, his steadfast friend abu bakr was elected the first caliph, or successor to the prophet
Term
paraclete
Definition
advocate
Term
shahadah
Definition
sentence chanted in the ear of a Muslim infant "there is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God"
Term
F
Definition
the grade i'm going to get on this test
Term
shirk
Definition
associating anything else with divinity except God
Term
kufr
Definition
ungratefulness to God, unbelief, atheism
Term
ummah
Definition
the Muslim community
Term
shari'ah
Definition
the sacred law of Islam
Term

ulama

Definition
scholars who devote their lifetimes to developing this knowledge
Term
imams
Definition
leaders, guides
Term
zakat
Definition
spiritual tithing and almsgiving
Term
hajj
Definition
the pilgrimage to mecca
Term
jihad
Definition

"striving"  struggle against the lower self.

Term
mujahid
Definition
fighter in the path of God, one who values the path of God more than life. no desire for worldly power, wealth, or prestige.
Term
sufism
Definition
also involved resistance to the legalistic, intellectual trends within Islam in its early development.
Term
dervishes
Definition
poor mendicant mystics
Term
murshid
Definition
teacher
Term
shaykh
Definition
spiritual master
Term
barakah
Definition
blessing, sacred power, passed down from the shaykh to the shaykh
Term
tariqas
Definition
esoteric orders
Term
dhimmis
Definition
protected people allowed to maintain their own faith, but not to try to convert others to it.
Term
ulama
Definition
gaurdians of the faith and pervasive force holding ilamic society
Term
dhimmis
Definition
the fatmids broke with islamic tradition and persecuted these people.  they also destroyed the church of the holy sepulcher in jerusalem
Term
islamists
Definition
those who seek to establish Islamic states in which the sovereignty of God is supreme
Term
ijtihad
Definition
reasoned interpretation, independent judgment by a qualified scholar.
Term
fatwa
Definition

a legal opinion issued by an authority according to a particular school of law.

Term
a'isha
Definition
Muhammad's youngest wife, who was the source of many Hadith
Term
fatiha
Definition
the first sura of the qur'an
Term
hadith
Definition
a traditional report about the prophet's sayings or actions
Term
hijrah
Definition
the journey of the prophet from Mecca to Medina in 622 ce
Term
iconoclasm
Definition
prohibition of images in art to prevent distortion of allah's reality, sometimes leading to the destruction of images.
Term
imam
Definition
a muslim prayer leader, and a shi'ite religious leader
Term
isnah
Definition
authoritative chain of transmission of a hadith
Term
jihad
Definition
the muslim term for struggle, with two meanings; an inner struggle against evil, and an outer struggle for a Muslim social order.
Term
khadija
Definition
Muhammad's first wife, who supported him when he received prophecies
Term
mecca
Definition
the holy city of islam whose ka'ba is the goal of hajj pilgrimages
Term
monism
Definition
the philosophy that ultimately only one substance exists underneath the multiplicity of appearances
Term
mosque
Definition
sacred building for Muslim worship, usually an open-roofed rectangle with towers (minarets) for calling prayer.
Term
night journey
Definition
muhammad's visionary journey to jerusalem and up through seven heavens to allag to receive revelations
Term
salaat
Definition
islamic prayer five times a day, and especially ritual worship at mosque on friday noon
Term
shari'ah
Definition
the divine law, as interpreted by judges, based on qur'an and hadith
Term
sufi
Definition
muslim mystical tradition; some say islamic only, some say universal
Term
sura
Definition
a chapter in the qur'an
Term
ummah
Definition
the Muslim community as a whole.
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