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| God (an Arabic word, used mainly in Islam) |
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| known as the last prophet that created Islam and through religion, unified the Arabian Peninsula |
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| a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century AD |
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| Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in A.D. 622 |
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| an Islamic place of worship |
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| a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims |
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| an Islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of Muhammad |
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| a body of law governing the lives of Muslims |
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| a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government |
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| a dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from AD 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus |
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| the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
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| the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
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| a Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means |
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| a dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from A.D. 750 to 1258 |
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| a Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established in the eighth century A.D. |
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| a member of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima and that built an empire in North Africa, Arabia, and Syria in the 10th-12th centuries |
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